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<!-- # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!! # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods. # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes. --> perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

voltar para o topo

DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for.

voltar para o topo

BASIC DOCUMENTATION

perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

SYNOPSIS

Overview

Tutorials

Reference Manual

Internals and C Language Interface

Miscellaneous

Language-Specific

Platform-Specific

DESCRIPTION

AVAILABILITY

ENVIRONMENT

AUTHOR

FILES

SEE ALSO

DIAGNOSTICS

BUGS

NOTES

perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl

DESCRIPTION

What is Perl?

Running Perl programs

Basic syntax overview

Perl variable types
Scalars, Arrays, Hashes

Variable scoping

Conditional and looping constructs
if, while, for, foreach

Builtin operators and functions
Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
Miscellaneous

Files and I/O

Regular expressions
Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features

Writing subroutines

OO Perl

Using Perl modules

AUTHOR

perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references

DESCRIPTION

Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?

The Solution

Syntax

Making References

Using References

An Example

Arrow Rule

Solution

The Rest

Summary

Credits

Distribution Conditions

perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook

DESCRIPTION
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs

REFERENCES

COMMON MISTAKES

CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE

WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS use strict

DEBUGGING

CODE EXAMPLES

ARRAYS OF ARRAYS

Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS

HASHES OF ARRAYS

Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS

Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS

Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS

ARRAYS OF HASHES

Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES

Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES

Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES

HASHES OF HASHES

Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES

Generation of a HASH OF HASHES

Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES

MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS

Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS

Database Ties

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays

Growing Your Own

Access and Printing

Slices

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start

DESCRIPTION

The Guide

Simple word matching

Using character classes

Matching this or that

Grouping things and hierarchical matching

Extracting matches

Matching repetitions

More matching

Search and replace

The split operator

BUGS

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial

DESCRIPTION

Part 1: The basics

Simple word matching

Using character classes

Matching this or that

Grouping things and hierarchical matching

Extracting matches

Matching repetitions

Building a regexp

Using regular expressions in Perl

Part 2: Power tools

More on characters, strings, and character classes

Compiling and saving regular expressions

Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression

Non-capturing groupings

Looking ahead and looking behind

Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking

Conditional expressions

A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression

Pragmas and debugging

BUGS

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial

DESCRIPTION

If we could talk to the animals...

Introducing the method invocation arrow

Invoking a barnyard

The extra parameter of method invocation

Calling a second method to simplify things

Inheriting the windpipes

A few notes about @ISA

Overriding the methods

Starting the search from a different place

The SUPER way of doing things

Where we're at so far...

A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?

Invoking an instance method

Accessing the instance data

How to build a horse

Inheriting the constructor

Making a method work with either classes or instances

Adding parameters to a method

More interesting instances

A horse of a different color

Summary

SEE ALSO

COPYRIGHT

perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl

DESCRIPTION

Creating a Class

Object Representation

Class Interface

Constructors and Instance Methods

Planning for the Future: Better Constructors

Destructors

Other Object Methods

Class Data

Accessing Class Data

Debugging Methods

Class Destructors

Documenting the Interface

Aggregation

Inheritance

Overridden Methods

Multiple Inheritance

UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects

Alternate Object Representations

Arrays as Objects

Closures as Objects

AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods

Autoloaded Data Methods

Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods

Metaclassical Tools

Class::Struct

Data Members as Variables

NOTES

Object Terminology

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

COPYRIGHT

Acknowledgments

perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Class Data in a Can

Class Data as Package Variables

Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket

Inheritance Concerns

The Eponymous Meta-Object

Indirect References to Class Data

Monadic Classes

Translucent Attributes

Class Data as Lexical Variables

Privacy and Responsibility

File-Scoped Lexicals

More Inheritance Concerns

Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key

Translucency Revisited

NOTES

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

HISTORY

perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)

DESCRIPTION

OO SCALING TIPS

INSTANCE VARIABLES

SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES

INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE

OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS

USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM

THINKING OF CODE REUSE

CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR

DELEGATION

SEE ALSO

perlstyle - Perl style guide

DESCRIPTION

perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet

DESCRIPTION

The sheet

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary

DESCRIPTION

Awk Traps

C/C++ Traps

Sed Traps

Shell Traps

Perl Traps

Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix? traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix? traps
Symbols starting with ``_'' no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to splice() are now
in scalar context, Can't do goto into a block that is optimized away,
Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, while/if BLOCK
BLOCK> gone, ** binds tighter than unary minus, foreach changed when
iterating over a list, split with no args behavior changed, -e
behavior fixed, push returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
error messages differ, split() honors subroutine args, Bugs removed

Parsing Traps
Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
Function parsing, String interpolation of $#array differs, Perl guesses
on map, grep followed by { if it starts BLOCK or hash ref

Numerical Traps
Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops

General data type traps
Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
$#array lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
undef to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
constants prohibited, defined $var behavior changed, Variable Suicide

Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
caller() returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, sprintf()
prototyped as ($;@)

Precedence Traps
LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
assignment, open requires parentheses around filehandle, $:
precedence over $:: gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
keys, each, values are regular named unary operators

General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
s'$lhs'$rhs' interpolates on either side, m//g attaches its state to
the searched string, m//o used within an anonymous sub, $+ isn't set
to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
s`lhs`rhs` is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
in regular expressions, m?x? matches only once, Failed matches don't
reset the match variables

Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, warn()
won't let you specify a filehandle

OS Traps
SysV? resets signal handler correctly, SysV? seek() appends correctly

Interpolation Traps
@ always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
evaluated inside braces within double quotes, $$x now tries to
dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with eval "EXPR" requires
protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
interpolation, Interpolation of \$$foo{bar}, qq() string passed to
eval will not find string terminator

DBM Traps
Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
dbmopen(), DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
exit immediately

Unclassified Traps
require/do trap using returned value, split on empty string with
LIMIT specified

perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial

DESCRIPTION

use strict

Looking at data and -w and v

help

Stepping through code

Placeholder for a, w, t, T

REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

OUTPUT TIPS

CGI

GUIs

SUMMARY

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

CONTRIBUTORS

perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2005/03/27

07:21:21 $)

DESCRIPTION

Where to get the perlfaq

How to contribute to the perlfaq

What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
authors

Credits

Author and Copyright Information

Bundled Distributions

Disclaimer

Table of Contents
perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking

The Questions

the perlfaq1 manpage: General Questions About Perl

the perlfaq2 manpage: Obtaining and Learning about Perl

the perlfaq3 manpage: Programming Tools

the perlfaq4 manpage: Data Manipulation

the perlfaq5 manpage: Files and Formats

the perlfaq6 manpage: Regular Expressions

the perlfaq7 manpage: General Perl Language Issues

the perlfaq8 manpage: System Interaction

the perlfaq9 manpage: Networking

perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date:

2005/01/31 15:52:15 $)

DESCRIPTION

What is Perl?

Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?

Which version of Perl should I use?

What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?

What is Ponie?

What is perl6?

How stable is Perl?

Is Perl difficult to learn?

How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
Scheme, or Tcl?

Can I do [task] in Perl?

When shouldn't I program in Perl?

What's the difference between ``perl'' and ``Perl''?

Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?

What is a JAPH?

Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?

How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,

$Date: 2006/07/29 15:14:09 $)

DESCRIPTION

What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?

How can I get a binary version of Perl?

I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?

I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
don't work.

I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?

What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
What does CPAN/src/... mean?

Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?

Where can I get information on Perl?

What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?

Where should I post source code?

Perl Books
References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics

Perl in Magazines

Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access

What mailing lists are there for Perl?

Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc

Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?

Where do I send bug reports?

What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2005/03/27

07:21:22 $)

DESCRIPTION

How do I do (anything)?

How can I use Perl interactively?

Is there a Perl shell?

How do I find which modules are installed on my system?

How do I debug my Perl programs?

How do I profile my Perl programs?

How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

Is there a ctags for Perl?

Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Eclipse, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl? , PerlBuilder? , visiPerl+, Visual
Perl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS? , XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
MultiEdit? , SlickEdit? , Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and
BBEdit Lite

Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

How can I use curses with Perl?

How can I use X or Tk with Perl?

How can I make my Perl program run faster?

How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk

Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?

How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?

How can I make my CGI script more efficient?

How can I hide the source for my Perl program?

How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

How can I compile Perl into Java?

How can I get #!perl to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]

I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
program; what am I doing wrong?

When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?

What's MakeMaker? ?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2005/03/11

16:27:53 $)

DESCRIPTION

Data: Numbers

Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?

Why is int() broken?

Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?

Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
Trig functions?

How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
from decimal to binary

Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?

How do I multiply matrices?

How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?

How can I output Roman numerals?

Why aren't my random numbers random?

How do I get a random number between X and Y?

Data: Dates

How do I find the day or week of the year?

How do I find the current century or millennium?

How can I compare two dates and find the difference?

How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?

How can I find the Julian Day?

How do I find yesterday's date?

Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K? compliant?

Data: Strings

How do I validate input?

How do I unescape a string?

How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?

How do I expand function calls in a string?

How do I find matching/nesting anything?

How do I reverse a string?

How do I expand tabs in a string?

How do I reformat a paragraph?

How can I access or change N characters of a string?

How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?

How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
string?

How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
[character]?

How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?

How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?

How do I extract selected columns from a string?

How do I find the soundex value of a string?

How can I expand variables in text strings?

What's wrong with always quoting ``$vars''?

Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
There must be no space after the << part, There (probably) should
be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
the tag

Data: Arrays

What is the difference between a list and an array?

What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?

How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
a), b), c), d), e)

How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
array?

How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
intersection of two arrays?

How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?

How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?

How do I handle linked lists?

How do I handle circular lists?

How do I shuffle an array randomly?

How do I process/modify each element of an array?

How do I select a random element from an array?

How do I permute N elements of a list?

How do I sort an array by (anything)?

How do I manipulate arrays of bits?

Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?

Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)

How do I process an entire hash?

What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
it?

How do I look up a hash element by value?

How can I know how many entries are in a hash?

How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?

How can I always keep my hash sorted?

What's the difference between ``delete'' and ``undef'' with hashes?

Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?

How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?

How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?

Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
it?

How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
array of hashes or arrays?

How can I use a reference as a hash key?

Data: Misc

How do I handle binary data correctly?

How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?

How do I keep persistent data across program calls?

How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?

How do I define methods for every class/object?

How do I verify a credit card checksum?

How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2005/01/21

12:26:11 $)

DESCRIPTION

How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?

How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?

How do I count the number of lines in a file?

How can I use Perl's -i option from within a program?

How can I copy a file?

How do I make a temporary file name?

How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?

How can I use a filehandle indirectly?

How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?

How can I write() into a string?

How can I output my numbers with commas added?

How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?

Why do I sometimes get an ``Argument list too long'' when I use
<*>?

Is there a leak/bug in glob()?

How can I open a file with a leading ``>'' or trailing blanks?

How can I reliably rename a file?

How can I lock a file?

Why can't I just open(FH, ``>file.lock'')?

I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
the file. How can I do this?

All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
file. Do I still have to use locking?

How do I randomly update a binary file?

How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?

How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?

How do I print to more than one file at once?

How can I read in an entire file all at once?

How can I read in a file by paragraphs?

How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?

How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?

How do I do a tail -f in perl?

How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?

How do I close a file descriptor by number?

Why can't I use ``C:\temp\foo'' in DOS paths? Why doesn't
`C:\temp\foo.exe` work?

Why doesn't glob(``*.*'') get all the files?

Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does -i clobber
protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?

How do I select a random line from a file?

Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2005/03/27

07:17:28 $)

DESCRIPTION

How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
and unmaintainable code?
Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters

I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?

How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
different lines?

I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?

How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
case on the RHS?

How can I make \w match national character sets?

How can I match a locale-smart version of /[a-zA-Z]/?

How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?

What is /o really for?

How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
file?

Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?

What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?

How do I process each word on each line?

How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?

How can I do approximate matching?

How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?

Why don't word-boundary searches with \b work for me?

Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?

What's wrong with using grep in a void context?

How can I match strings with multibyte characters?

How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date:

2005/03/27 07:19:01 $)

DESCRIPTION

Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
use them?

Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
commas?

How do I skip some return values?

How do I temporarily block warnings?

What's an extension?

Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?

How do I declare/create a structure?

How do I create a module?

How do I create a class?

How can I tell if a variable is tainted?

What's a closure?

What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?

How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
Regex}?
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
Passing Methods

How do I create a static variable?

What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
Between local() and my()?

How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
is in scope?

What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

Why doesn't ``my($foo) = <FILE>;'' work right?

How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?

What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?

How do I create a switch or case statement?

How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
methods?

Why can't a method included in this same file be found?

How can I find out my current package?

How can I comment out a large block of perl code?

How do I clear a package?

How can I use a variable as a variable name?

What does ``bad interpreter'' mean?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2005/01/03

18:43:37 $)

DESCRIPTION

How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?

How come exec() doesn't return?

How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
Keyboard, Screen, Mouse

How do I print something out in color?

How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?

How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?

How do I clear the screen?

How do I get the screen size?

How do I ask the user for a password?

How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input

How do I decode encrypted password files?

How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies

How do I trap control characters/signals?

How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?

How do I set the time and date?

How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?

How can I measure time under a second?

How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)

Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
does the error message ``Protocol not supported'' mean?

How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?

Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?

Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?

How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?

Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?

How can I capture STDERR from an external command?

Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?

What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?

How can I call backticks without shell processing?

Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
^Z on MS-DOS)?

How can I convert my shell script to perl?

Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?

How can I write expect in Perl?

Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
``ps''?

I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
changes to be visible?
Unix

How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
complete?

How do I fork a daemon process?

How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?

How do I timeout a slow event?

How do I set CPU limits?

How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?

How do I use an SQL database?

How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

How do I open a file without blocking?

How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?

How do I install a module from CPAN?

What's the difference between require and use?

How do I keep my own module/library directory?

How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
search path?

How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?

What is socket.ph and where do I get it?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2005/01/21 12:14:12

$)

DESCRIPTION

What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?

My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
Server Error)

How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?

How do I remove HTML from a string?

How do I extract URLs?

How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
file on another machine?

How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

How do I fetch an HTML file?

How do I automate an HTML form submission?

How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?

How do I redirect to another page?

How do I put a password on my web pages?

How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?

How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
CGI script to do bad things?

How do I parse a mail header?

How do I decode a CGI form?

How do I check a valid mail address?

How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?

How do I return the user's mail address?

How do I send mail?

How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?

How do I read mail?

How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?

How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?

How do I fetch/put an FTP file?

How can I do RPC in Perl?

AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlsyn - Perl syntax

DESCRIPTION

Declarations

Comments

Simple Statements

Truth and Falsehood

Statement Modifiers

Compound Statements

Loop Control

For Loops

Foreach Loops

Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements

Goto

PODs: Embedded Documentation

Plain Old Comments (Not!)

perldata - Perl data types

DESCRIPTION

Variable names

Context

Scalar values

Scalar value constructors

List value constructors

Subscripts

Slices

Typeglobs and Filehandles

SEE ALSO

perlop - Perl operators and precedence

DESCRIPTION

Operator Precedence and Associativity

Terms and List Operators (Leftward)

The Arrow Operator

Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

Exponentiation

Symbolic Unary Operators

Binding Operators

Multiplicative Operators

Additive Operators

Shift Operators

Named Unary Operators

Relational Operators

Equality Operators

Bitwise And

Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

C-style Logical And

C-style Logical Or

Range Operators

Conditional Operator

Assignment Operators

Comma Operator

List Operators (Rightward)

Logical Not

Logical And

Logical or and Exclusive Or

C Operators Missing From Perl
unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

Quote and Quote-like Operators

Regexp Quote-Like Operators
?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, 'STRING',
qq/STRING/, ``STRING'', qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF

Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
<<'EOF', m'', s''', tr///, y///, '', q//, "",
``, qq//, qx//, <file*glob>, ?RE?, /RE/, m/RE/,
s/RE/foo/,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
regular expressions

I/O Operators

Constant Folding

No-ops

Bitwise String Operators

Integer Arithmetic

Floating-point Arithmetic

Bigger Numbers

perlsub - Perl subroutines

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Private Variables via my()

Persistent Private Variables

Temporary Values via local()

Lvalue subroutines
Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL

Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)

When to Still Use local()

Pass by Reference

Prototypes

Constant Functions

Overriding Built-in Functions

Autoloading

Subroutine Attributes

SEE ALSO

perlfunc - Perl builtin functions

DESCRIPTION

Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
in perl5

Portability

Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
localtime, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK
LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl
ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd
ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS,
next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR :
ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Open à la shell

Simple Opens

Indirect Filehandles

Pipe Opens

The Minus File

Mixing Reads and Writes

Filters

Open à la C

Permissions à la mode

Obscure Open Tricks

Re-Opening Files (dups)

Dispelling the Dweomer

Paths as Opens

Single Argument Open

Playing with STDIN and STDOUT

Other I/O Issues

Opening Non-File Files

Opening Named Pipes

Opening Sockets

Binary Files

File Locking

IO Layers

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

HISTORY

perlpacktut - tutorial on pack and unpack

DESCRIPTION

The Basic Principle

Packing Text

Packing Numbers

Integers

Unpacking a Stack Frame

How to Eat an Egg on a Net

Floating point Numbers

Exotic Templates

Bit Strings

Uuencoding

Doing Sums

Unicode

Another Portable Binary Encoding

Template Grouping

Lengths and Widths

String Lengths

Dynamic Templates

Counting Repetitions

Packing and Unpacking C Structures

The Alignment Pit

Alignment, Take 2

Alignment, Take 3

Pointers for How to Use Them

Pack Recipes

Funnies Section

Authors

perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format

DESCRIPTION

Ordinary Paragraph

Verbatim Paragraph

Command Paragraph
=head1 Heading Text, =head2 Heading Text, =head3 Heading
Text>>, =head4 Heading Text, =over indentlevel, =item
stuff...>, =back, =cut, =pod, =begin formatname, =end
formatname>, =for formatname text..., =encoding
encodingname>

Formatting Codes
I<text> -- italic text, B<text> -- bold text,
C<code> -- code text, L<name> -- a hyperlink,
E<escape> -- a character escape, F<filename> -- used
for filenames, S<text> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
X<topic name> -- an index entry, Z<> -- a null
(zero-effect) formatting code

The Intent

Embedding Pods in Perl Modules

Hints for Writing Pod

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and

notes

DESCRIPTION

Pod Definitions

Pod Commands
``=head1'', ``=head2'', ``=head3'', ``=head4'', ``=pod'', ``=cut'', ``=over'', ``=item'',
``=back'', ``=begin formatname'', ``=end formatname'', ``=for formatname text...'',
``=encoding encodingname''

Pod Formatting Codes
I<text> -- italic text, B<text> -- bold text,
C<code> -- code text, F<filename> -- style for
filenames, X<topic name> -- an index entry, Z<> -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code, L<name> -- a hyperlink,
E<escape> -- a character escape, S<text> -- text
contains non-breaking spaces

Notes on Implementing Pod Processors

About L<...> Codes
First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:

About =over...=back Regions

About Data Paragraphs and ``=begin/=end'' Regions

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

#! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS

Location of Perl

Command Switches
-0[octal/hexadecimal], -a, -C [number/list], -c, -d,
-dt, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -dt:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters,
-Dnumber, -e commandline, -f, -Fpattern, -h,
-i[extension], -Idirectory, -l[octnum],
-m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...',
-[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S,
-t, -T, -u, -U, -v, -V, -V:configvar, -w, -W,
-X, -x, -x directory

ENVIRONMENT
HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB? , PERL5OPT? , PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
:perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
PERL5DB? , PERL5DB? _THREADED, PERL5SHELL? (specific to the Win32 port),
PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)

perldiag - various Perl diagnostics

DESCRIPTION

perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings

DESCRIPTION

Default Warnings and Optional Warnings

What's wrong with -w and $^W

Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
-w, -W, -X

Backward Compatibility

Category Hierarchy

Fatal Warnings

Reporting Warnings from a Module

TODO

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perldebug - Perl debugging

DESCRIPTION

The Perl Debugger

Debugger Commands
h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
[manpage]

Configurable Options
recallCommand, ShellBang, pager, tkRunning, signalLevel,
warnLevel, dieLevel, AutoTrace, LineInfo, inhibit_exit,
PrintRet, ornaments, frame, maxTraceLen, windowSize,
arrayDepth, hashDepth, dumpDepth, compactDump, veryCompact,
globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, DumpReused, quote,
HighBit, undefPrint, UsageOnly, TTY, noTTY, ReadLine,
NonStop

Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
listing

Debugging compile-time statements

Debugger Customization

Readline Support

Editor Support for Debugging

The Perl Profiler

Debugging regular expressions

Debugging memory usage

SEE ALSO

BUGS

perlvar - Perl predefined variables

DESCRIPTION

Predefined Names
$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $*,
HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $``, $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
@-, $` is the same as substr($var, 0, $-[0]), $& is the same as
substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]), $' is the same as substr($var,
$+[0])>, $1 is the same as substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1]), $2
is the same as substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2]), $3 is the same as
substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3]), HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
$PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
$SIG{expr}

Error Indicators

Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names

BUGS

perlre - Perl regular expressions

DESCRIPTION
i, m, s, x

Regular Expressions
[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit

Extended Patterns
(?#text), (?imsx-imsx), (?:pattern), (?imsx-imsx:pattern),
(?=pattern), (?!pattern), (?<=pattern), (?<!pattern), (?{
code })>, (??{ code }), (?>pattern),
(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern), (?(condition)yes-pattern)

Backtracking

Version 8 Regular Expressions

Warning on \1 vs $1

Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring

Combining pieces together
ST, S|T, S{REPEAT_COUNT}, S{min,max}, S{min,max}?, S?,
S*, S+, S??, S*?, S+?, (?>S), (?=S), (?<=S),
(?!S), (?<!S), (??{ EXPR }),
(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)

Creating custom RE engines

BUGS

SEE ALSO

perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference

DESCRIPTION

OPERATORS

SYNTAX

ESCAPE SEQUENCES

CHARACTER CLASSES

ANCHORS

QUANTIFIERS

EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS

VARIABLES

FUNCTIONS

TERMINOLOGY

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

THANKS

perlref - Perl references and nested data structures

NOTE

DESCRIPTION

Making References

Using References

Symbolic references

Not-so-symbolic references

Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash

Function Templates

WARNING

SEE ALSO

perlform - Perl formats

DESCRIPTION

Text Fields

Numeric Fields

The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text

The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text

Specifying Values

Using Fill Mode

Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void

Repeating Format Lines

Top of Form Processing

Format Variables

NOTES

Footers

Accessing Formatting Internals

WARNINGS

perlobj - Perl objects

DESCRIPTION

An Object is Simply a Reference

A Class is Simply a Package

A Method is Simply a Subroutine

Method Invocation

Indirect Object Syntax

Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

Destructors

Summary

Two-Phased Garbage Collection

SEE ALSO

perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Tying Scalars
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
DESTROY this

Tying Arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
this

Tying Hashes
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this

Tying FileHandles
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
DESTROY this

UNTIE this

The untie Gotcha

SEE ALSO

BUGS

AUTHOR

perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION
filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key,
filter_fetch_value

The Filter

An Example -- the NULL termination problem.

Another Example -- Key is a C int.

SEE ALSO

AUTHOR

perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,

safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)

DESCRIPTION

Signals

Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons

Named Pipes

Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
``faults'', Signals triggered by operating system state

Using open() for IPC

Filehandles

Background Processes

Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent

Safe Pipe Opens

Bidirectional Communication with Another Process

Bidirectional Communication with Yourself

Sockets: Client/Server Communication

Internet Line Terminators

Internet TCP Clients and Servers

Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers

TCP Clients with IO::Socket

A Simple Client
Proto, PeerAddr, PeerPort

A Webget Client

Interactive Client with IO::Socket

TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort? , Listen, Reuse

UDP: Message Passing

SysV IPC

NOTES

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
files, directories and network sockets

Resource limits

Killing the parent process

Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes

CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
application, Thread-safety of extensions

BUGS

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Storing numbers

Numeric operators and numeric conversions

Flavors of Perl numeric operations
Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during use integer, Other
mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during use
integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
string

AUTHOR

SEE ALSO

perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Status

What Is A Thread Anyway?

Threaded Program Models

Boss/Worker

Work Crew

Pipeline

What kind of threads are Perl threads?

Thread-Safe Modules

Thread Basics

Basic Thread Support

A Note about the Examples

Creating Threads

Waiting For A Thread To Exit

Ignoring A Thread

Threads And Data

Shared And Unshared Data

Thread Pitfalls: Races

Synchronization and control

Controlling access: lock()

A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks

Queues: Passing Data Around

Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access

Basic semaphores

Advanced Semaphores

cond_wait() and cond_signal()

Giving up control

General Thread Utility Routines

What Thread Am I In?

Thread IDs

Are These Threads The Same?

What Threads Are Running?

A Complete Example

Different implementations of threads

Performance considerations

Process-scope Changes

Thread-Safety of System Libraries

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introductory Texts

OS-Related References

Other References

Acknowledgements

AUTHOR

Copyrights

perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl

DESCRIPTION

What Is A Thread Anyway?

Threaded Program Models

Boss/Worker

Work Crew

Pipeline

Native threads

What kind of threads are perl threads?

Threadsafe Modules

Thread Basics

Basic Thread Support

Creating Threads

Giving up control

Waiting For A Thread To Exit

Errors In Threads

Ignoring A Thread

Threads And Data

Shared And Unshared Data

Thread Pitfall: Races

Controlling access: lock()

Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks

Queues: Passing Data Around

Threads And Code

Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores

Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines

Subroutine Locks

Methods

Locking A Subroutine

General Thread Utility Routines

What Thread Am I In?

Thread IDs

Are These Threads The Same?

What Threads Are Running?

A Complete Example

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introductory Texts

OS-Related References

Other References

Acknowledgements

AUTHOR

Copyrights

perlport - Writing portable Perl

DESCRIPTION
Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is
portable

ISSUES

Newlines

Numbers endianness and Width

Files and Filesystems

System Interaction

Command names versus file pathnames

Networking

Interprocess Communication (IPC)

External Subroutines (XS)

Standard Modules

Time and Date

Character sets and character encoding

Internationalisation

System Resources

Security

Style

CPAN Testers

PLATFORMS

Unix

DOS and Derivatives

Mac OS

VMS

VOS

EBCDIC Platforms

Acorn RISC OS

Other perls

FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen,
dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
wait, waitpid

Supported Platforms

SEE ALSO

AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and

localization)

DESCRIPTION

PREPARING TO USE LOCALES

USING LOCALES

The use locale pragma

The setlocale function

Finding locales

LOCALE PROBLEMS

Temporarily fixing locale problems

Permanently fixing locale problems

Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration

Fixing system locale configuration

The localeconv function

I18N::Langinfo

LOCALE CATEGORIES

Category LC_COLLATE: Collation

Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types

Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting

Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts

LC_TIME

Other categories

SECURITY

ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG

NOTES

Backward compatibility

I18N:Collate obsolete

Sort speed and memory use impacts

write() and LC_NUMERIC

Freely available locale definitions

I18n and l10n

An imperfect standard

Unicode and UTF-8

BUGS

Broken systems

SEE ALSO

HISTORY

perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction

DESCRIPTION

Unicode

Perl's Unicode Support

Perl's Unicode Model

Unicode and EBCDIC

Creating Unicode

Handling Unicode

Legacy Encodings

Unicode I/O

Displaying Unicode As Text

Special Cases

Advanced Topics

Miscellaneous

Questions With Answers

Hexadecimal Notation

Further Resources

UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS

SEE ALSO

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl

DESCRIPTION

Important Caveats
Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, use utf8 still needed to
enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
autodetected, use encoding needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings

Byte and Character Semantics

Effects of Character Semantics

Scripts

Blocks

User-Defined Character Properties

Character Encodings for Input and Output

Unicode Regular Expression Support Level

Unicode Encodings

Security Implications of Unicode

Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC

Locales

When Unicode Does Not Happen

Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)

Using Unicode in XS

BUGS

Interaction with Locales

Interaction with Extensions

Speed

Porting code from perl-5.6.X

SEE ALSO

perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

DESCRIPTION

COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS

ASCII

ISO 8859

Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)

EBCDIC

  • variant characters

  • POSIX-BC

    Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points

    Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC

    Unicode and UTF

    Using Encode

    SINGLE OCTET TABLES
    recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6

    IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS

    CONVERSIONS

    tr///

    iconv

    C RTL

    OPERATOR DIFFERENCES

    FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
    chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()

    REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES

    SOCKETS

    SORTING

    Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.

    MONO CASE then sort data.

    Convert, sort data, then re convert.

    Perform sorting on one type of machine only.

    TRANSFORMATION FORMATS

    URL decoding and encoding

    uu encoding and decoding

    Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding

    Caesarian ciphers

    Hashing order and checksums

    I18N AND L10N?

    MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS

    OS ISSUES

    OS/400
    PASE, IFS access

    OS/390, z/OS
    chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales

    VM/ESA?

    POSIX-BC?

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    REFERENCES

    HISTORY

    AUTHOR

    perlsec - Perl security

    DESCRIPTION

    Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

    Switches On the ``#!'' Line

    Taint mode and @INC

    Cleaning Up Your Path

    Security Bugs

    Protecting Your Programs

    Unicode

    Algorithmic Complexity Attacks

    SEE ALSO

    perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)

    DESCRIPTION

    Packages

    Symbol Tables

    BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END

    Perl Classes

    Perl Modules

    Making your module threadsafe

    SEE ALSO

    perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones

    THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY

    Pragmatic Modules
    attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
    charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
    less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
    threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register

    Standard Modules
    AnyDBM? _File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit? , B, B::Asmdata,
    B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
    B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
    B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader? , CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
    CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
    CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
    Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
    Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
    Digest::base, DirHandle? , Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias,
    Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ,
    Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding,
    Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
    Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
    Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
    Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
    ExtUtils? ::Command, ExtUtils? ::Command::MM, ExtUtils? ::Constant,
    ExtUtils? ::Embed, ExtUtils? ::Install, ExtUtils? ::Installed, ExtUtils? ::Liblist,
    ExtUtils? ::MM, ExtUtils? ::MM_Any, ExtUtils? ::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils? ::MM_Cygwin,
    ExtUtils? ::MM_DOS, ExtUtils? ::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils? ::MM_NW5, ExtUtils? ::MM_OS2,
    ExtUtils? ::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils? ::MM_Unix, ExtUtils? ::MM_VMS, ExtUtils? ::MM_Win32,
    ExtUtils? ::MM_Win95, ExtUtils? ::MY, ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker,
    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker::vmsish,
    ExtUtils? ::Manifest, ExtUtils? ::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils? ::Mksymlists,
    ExtUtils? ::Packlist, ExtUtils? ::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
    File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
    File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
    File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
    File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache? ,
    FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin? , GDBM_File,
    Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N? ::Collate, I18N? ::LangTags,
    I18N? ::LangTags::List, I18N? ::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
    IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
    IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
    IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
    Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
    Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
    MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
    Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
    Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
    Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
    Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain,
    Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP,
    Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
    Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO? , PerlIO? ::encoding,
    PerlIO? ::scalar, PerlIO? ::via, PerlIO? ::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
    Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
    Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
    Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
    Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
    Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
    Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
    Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
    Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader? , Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
    Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
    Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
    Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
    Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
    Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
    Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
    Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
    Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
    Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
    Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
    XSLoader

    Extension Modules

    CPAN

    Africa
    South Africa

    Asia
    China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
    Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand

    Central America
    Costa Rica

    Europe
    Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
    Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
    Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
    Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
    Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom

    North America
    Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
    Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
    Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
    North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
    Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin

    Oceania
    Australia, New Zealand, United States

    South America
    Argentina, Brazil, Chile

    RSYNC Mirrors

    Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse

    Guidelines for Module Creation

    Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules

    Guidelines for Reusing Application Code

    NOTE

    perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide

    INTRODUCTION

    QUICK CHECKLIST

    Before you start

    The API

    Stability

    Documentation

    Release considerations

    BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE

    Has it been done before?

    Do one thing and do it well

    What's in a name?

    DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE

    To OO or not to OO?

    Designing your API
    Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
    output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
    Parameter passing

    Strictness and warnings

    Backwards compatibility

    Error handling and messages

    DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE

    POD

    README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
    perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
    perl Build test, perl Build install

    RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS

    Version numbering

    Pre-requisites

    Testing

    Packaging

    Licensing

    COMMON PITFALLS

    Reinventing the wheel

    Trying to do too much

    Inappropriate documentation

    SEE ALSO
    the perlstyle manpage, the perlnewmod manpage, the perlpod manpage, the podchecker manpage, Packaging Tools,
    Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
    engineering

    AUTHOR

    perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules

    DESCRIPTION

    PREAMBLE
    DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the
    module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module

    PORTABILITY

    HEY

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution

    DESCRIPTION

    Warning

    What should I make into a module?

    Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
    Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again

    Step-by-step: Making the module
    Start with module-starter or h2xs, Use strict and
    warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!,
    Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README

    Step-by-step: Distributing your module
    Get a CPAN user ID, perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist, Upload the
    tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

    DESCRIPTION

    DOCUMENTATION
    perldoc, pod2man and pod2text,
    pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage,
    podselect, podchecker, splain,
    roffitall

    CONVERTORS
    a2p, s2p, find2perl

    Administration
    libnetcfg

    Development
    perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct,
    h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc

    SEE ALSO

    perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator

    DESCRIPTION

    Layout
    B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref

    Using The Back Ends

    The Cross Referencing Back End
    i, &, s, r

    The Decompiling Back End

    The Lint Back End

    The Simple C Back End

    The Bytecode Back End

    The Optimized C Back End

    Module List for the Compiler Suite
    B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
    B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
    B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref

    KNOWN PROBLEMS

    AUTHOR

    perlfilter - Source Filters

    DESCRIPTION

    CONCEPTS

    USING FILTERS

    WRITING A SOURCE FILTER

    WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
    Decryption Filters

    CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE

    WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL

    USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER

    CONCLUSION

    THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
    Some Filters Clobber the DATA Handle

    REQUIREMENTS

    AUTHOR

    Copyrights

    perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program

    DESCRIPTION

    PREAMBLE
    Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from
    Perl?>, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C?

    ROADMAP

    Compiling your C program

    Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program

    Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program

    Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program

    Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program

    Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program

    Maintaining a persistent interpreter

    Execution of END blocks

    Maintaining multiple interpreter instances

    Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
    program

    Embedding Perl under Win32

    Hiding Perl_

    MORAL

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging

    DESCRIPTION

    Debugger Internals

    Writing Your Own Debugger

    Frame Listing Output Examples

    Debugging regular expressions

    Compile-time output
    anchored STRING at POS, floating STRING at
    POS1..POS2, matching floating/anchored, minlen, stclass
    TYPE, noscan, isall, GPOS, plus, implicit, with eval,
    anchored(TYPE)

    Types of nodes

    Run-time output

    Debugging Perl memory usage

    Using $ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}
    buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX), Free/Used, Total sbrk():
    SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, pad: 0, heads: 2192, chain: 0, tail:
    6144>

    Example of using -DL switch
    717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704

    -DL details
    !!!, !!, !

    Limitations of -DL statistics

    SEE ALSO

    perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs

    DESCRIPTION

    SPECIAL NOTES

    make

    Version caveat

    Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading

    TUTORIAL

    EXAMPLE 1

    EXAMPLE 2

    What has gone on?

    Writing good test scripts

    EXAMPLE 3

    What's new here?

    Input and Output Parameters

    The XSUBPP Program

    The TYPEMAP file

    Warning about Output Arguments

    EXAMPLE 4

    What has happened here?

    Anatomy of .xs file

    Getting the fat out of XSUBs

    More about XSUB arguments

    The Argument Stack

    Extending your Extension

    Documenting your Extension

    Installing your Extension

    EXAMPLE 5

    New Things in this Example

    EXAMPLE 6

    New Things in this Example

    EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)

    EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)

    EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes

    Troubleshooting these Examples

    See also

    Author

    Last Changed

    perlxs - XS language reference manual

    DESCRIPTION

    Introduction

    On The Road

    The Anatomy of an XSUB

    The Argument Stack

    The RETVAL Variable

    Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL

    The MODULE Keyword

    The PACKAGE Keyword

    The PREFIX Keyword

    The OUTPUT: Keyword

    The NO_OUTPUT Keyword

    The CODE: Keyword

    The INIT: Keyword

    The NO_INIT Keyword

    Initializing Function Parameters

    Default Parameter Values

    The PREINIT: Keyword

    The SCOPE: Keyword

    The INPUT: Keyword

    The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords

    The length(NAME) Keyword

    Variable-length Parameter Lists

    The C_ARGS: Keyword

    The PPCODE: Keyword

    Returning Undef And Empty Lists

    The REQUIRE: Keyword

    The CLEANUP: Keyword

    The POSTCALL: Keyword

    The BOOT: Keyword

    The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword

    The PROTOTYPES: Keyword

    The PROTOTYPE: Keyword

    The ALIAS: Keyword

    The OVERLOAD: Keyword

    The FALLBACK: Keyword

    The INTERFACE: Keyword

    The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword

    The INCLUDE: Keyword

    The CASE: Keyword

    The & Unary Operator

    Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives

    Using XS With C++

    Interface Strategy

    Perl Objects And C Structures

    The Typemap

    Safely Storing Static Data in XS
    MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT

    EXAMPLES

    XS VERSION

    AUTHOR

    perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions

    DESCRIPTION

    Conventions
    t, p, n, s

    File Operations

    File Input and Output

    File Positioning

    Memory Management and String Handling

    Character Class Tests

    stdlib.h functions

    Miscellaneous functions

    SEE ALSO

    perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API

    DESCRIPTION

    Variables

    Datatypes

    What is an ``IV''?

    Working with SVs

    Offsets

    What's Really Stored in an SV?

    Working with AVs

    Working with HVs

    Hash API Extensions

    AVs, HVs and undefined values

    References

    Blessed References and Class Objects

    Creating New Variables
    GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN

    Reference Counts and Mortality

    Stashes and Globs

    Double-Typed SVs

    Magic Variables

    Assigning Magic

    Magic Virtual Tables

    Finding Magic

    Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays

    Localizing changes
    SAVEINT(int i), SAVEIV(IV i), SAVEI32(I32 i), SAVELONG(long i),
    SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), SAVEFREESV(SV *sv), SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
    *sv)>, SAVEFREEOP(OP *op), SAVEFREEPV(p), SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv),
    SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length),
    SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p),
    SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void p), SAVESTACK_POS(), SV
    save_scalar(GV gv)>, AV save_ary(GV gv), HV save_hash(GV *gv),
    void save_item(SV *item), void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg),
    SV* save_svref(SV **sptr), void save_aptr(AV **aptr), void
    save_hptr(HV **hptr)>

    Subroutines

    XSUBs and the Argument Stack

    Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs

    Memory Allocation

    PerlIO

    Putting a C value on Perl stack

    Scratchpads

    Scratchpads and recursion

    Compiled code

    Code tree

    Examining the tree

    Compile pass 1: check routines

    Compile pass 1a: constant folding

    Compile pass 2: context propagation

    Compile pass 3: peephole optimization

    Pluggable runops

    Examining internal data structures with the dump functions

    How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported

    Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT

    So what happened to dTHR?

    How do I use all this in extensions?

    Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?

    Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS

    Internal Functions
    A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b

    Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs

    Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer

    Source Documentation

    Backwards compatibility

    Unicode Support

    What is Unicode, anyway?

    How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?

    How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?

    How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?

    How do I convert a string to UTF-8?

    Is there anything else I need to know?

    Custom Operators

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C

    DESCRIPTION
    An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program

    THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
    call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv

    FLAG VALUES

    G_VOID

    G_SCALAR

    G_ARRAY

    G_DISCARD

    G_NOARGS

    G_EVAL

    G_KEEPERR

    Determining the Context

    KNOWN PROBLEMS

    EXAMPLES

    No Parameters, Nothing returned

    Passing Parameters

    Returning a Scalar

    Returning a list of values

    Returning a list in a scalar context

    Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list

    Using G_EVAL

    Using G_KEEPERR

    Using call_sv

    Using call_argv

    Using call_method

    Using GIMME_V

    Using Perl to dispose of temporaries

    Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
    1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
    callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
    callback

    Alternate Stack Manipulation

    Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    DATE

    perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API

    DESCRIPTION

    ``Gimme'' Values
    GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID

    Array Manipulation Functions
    AvFILL? , av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
    av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
    get_av, newAV, sortsv

    Callback Functions
    call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
    FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS

    Character classes
    isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER

    Cloning an interpreter
    perl_clone

    CV Manipulation Functions
    CvSTASH? , get_cv

    Embedding Functions
    cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
    perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv

    Functions in file pp_pack.c
    packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str

    Global Variables
    PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes

    GV Functions
    GvSV? , gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
    gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashpvn, gv_stashsv

    Handy Values
    Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv

    Hash Manipulation Functions
    get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH? , HeKEY? , HeKLEN? , HePV? , HeSVKEY? , HeSVKEY? _force,
    HeSVKEY? _set, HeVAL? , HvNAME? , hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete,
    hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
    hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
    hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
    hv_undef, newHV

    Magical Functions
    mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
    SvGETMAGIC? , SvLOCK? , SvSETMAGIC? , SvSetMagicSV? , SvSetMagicSV? _nosteal,
    SvSetSV? , SvSetSV? _nosteal, SvSHARE? , SvUNLOCK?

    Memory Management
    Copy, CopyD? , Move, MoveD? , New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
    savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, savesvpv, StructCopy? , Zero, ZeroD?

    Miscellaneous Functions
    fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
    strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking

    Numeric functions
    grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
    scan_hex, scan_oct

    Optree Manipulation Functions
    cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS

    Pad Data Structures
    pad_sv

    Stack Manipulation Macros
    dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu,
    mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
    POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs,
    PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs,
    XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
    XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
    XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES

    SV Flags
    svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG

    SV Manipulation Functions
    get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
    newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
    newSVuv, SvCUR? , SvCUR? _set, SvEND? , SvGROW? , SvIOK? , SvIOKp? , SvIOK? _notUV,
    SvIOK? _off, SvIOK? _on, SvIOK? _only, SvIOK? _only_UV, SvIOK? _UV, SvIsCOW? ,
    SvIsCOW? _shared_hash, SvIV? , SvIVX? , SvIVx? , SvLEN? , SvNIOK? , SvNIOKp? ,
    SvNIOK? _off, SvNOK? , SvNOKp? , SvNOK? _off, SvNOK? _on, SvNOK? _only, SvNV? , SvNVX? ,
    SvNVx? , SvOK? , SvOOK? , SvPOK? , SvPOKp? , SvPOK? _off, SvPOK? _on, SvPOK? _only,
    SvPOK? _only_UTF8, SvPV? , SvPVbyte? , SvPVbytex? , SvPVbytex? _force,
    SvPVbyte? _force, SvPVbyte? _nolen, SvPVutf8? , SvPVutf8x? , SvPVutf8x? _force,
    SvPVutf8? _force, SvPVutf8? _nolen, SvPVX? , SvPVx? , SvPV? _force, SvPV? _force_nomg,
    SvPV? _nolen, SvREFCNT? , SvREFCNT? _dec, SvREFCNT? _inc, SvROK? , SvROK? _off,
    SvROK? _on, SvRV? , SvSTASH? , SvTAINT? , SvTAINTED? , SvTAINTED? _off, SvTAINTED? _on,
    SvTRUE? , SvTYPE? , SvUOK? , SvUPGRADE? , SvUTF8? , SvUTF8? _off, SvUTF8? _on, SvUV? ,
    SvUVX? , SvUVx? , sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv,
    sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags,
    sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf,
    sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvn_nomg,
    sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_catsv_nomg, sv_chop,
    sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec,
    sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
    sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
    sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref,
    sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten,
    sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8,
    sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used,
    sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg,
    sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
    sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
    sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
    sv_setsv_nomg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
    sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
    sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
    sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvf, sv_vcatpvfn,
    sv_vcatpvf_mg, sv_vsetpvf, sv_vsetpvfn, sv_vsetpvf_mg

    Unicode Support
    bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
    is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
    sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
    to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
    utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
    uvuni_to_utf8_flags

    Variables created by xsubpp and xsubpp internal functions
    ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
    THIS, XS, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK

    Warning and Dieing
    croak, warn

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal 

                     Perl functions

    DESCRIPTION

    CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE?
    CvWEAKOUTSIDE?

    Functions in file pad.h
    CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
    PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
    PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
    PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
    PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV

    Functions in file pp_ctl.c
    find_runcv

    Global Variables
    PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
    PL_rs

    GV Functions
    is_gv_magical

    IO Functions
    start_glob

    Pad Data Structures
    CvPADLIST? , cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
    pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
    pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
    pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef

    Stack Manipulation Macros
    djSP, LVRET

    SV Manipulation Functions
    report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    History and Background

    Basic Structure

    Layers vs Disciplines

    Data Structures

    Functions and Attributes

    Per-instance Data

    Layers in action.

    Per-instance flag bits
    PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
    PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
    PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
    PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS

    Methods in Detail
    fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
    PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
    Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
    Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
    Set_ptrcnt

    Utilities

    Implementing PerlIO? Layers
    C implementations, Perl implementations

    Core Layers
    ``unix'', ``perlio'', ``stdio'', ``crlf'', ``mmap'', ``pending'', ``raw'', ``utf8''

    Extension Layers
    ``:encoding'', ``:scalar'', ``:via''

    TODO

    perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, PerlIO_stdin(),
    PerlIO_stdout(), PerlIO_stderr(), PerlIO_open(path, mode),
    PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode), PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f),
    PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...), PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a),
    PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIO_read(f,buf,count),
    PerlIO_write(f,buf,count), PerlIO_close(f), PerlIO_puts(f,s),
    PerlIO_putc(f,c), PerlIO_ungetc(f,c), PerlIO_getc(f),
    PerlIO_eof(f), PerlIO_error(f), PerlIO_fileno(f),
    PerlIO_clearerr(f), PerlIO_flush(f), PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence),
    PerlIO_tell(f), PerlIO_getpos(f,p), PerlIO_setpos(f,p),
    PerlIO_rewind(f), PerlIO_tmpfile(), PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)

    Co-existence with stdio
    PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode), PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode),
    PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f), PerlIO_findFILE(f)

    ``Fast gets'' Functions
    PerlIO_fast_gets(f), PerlIO_has_cntptr(f), PerlIO_get_cnt(f),
    PerlIO_get_ptr(f), PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIO_canset_cnt(f),
    PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c), PerlIO_has_base(f), PerlIO_get_base(f),
    PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)

    Other Functions
    PerlIO? _apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO? _binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
    '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)

    perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals

    DESCRIPTION
    Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
    implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
    the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
    it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
    the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
    tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
    Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words

    Keeping in sync
    rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
    NFS, rsync'ing the patches

    Why rsync the source tree
    It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable

    Why rsync the patches
    It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
    point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour

    Working with the source

    Perlbug administration

    Submitting patches
    the perlguts manpage, the perlxstut manpage and the perlxs manpage, the perlapi manpage,
    Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ

    Finding Your Way Around
    Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter

    Elements of the interpreter
    Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing

    Internal Variable Types

    Op Trees

    Stacks
    Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack

    Millions of Macros

    The .i Targets

    Poking at Perl

    Using a source-level debugger
    run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
    finish, 'enter', print

    gdb macro support

    Dumping Perl Data Structures

    Patching

    Patching a core module

    Adding a new function to the core

    Writing a test
    t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/lib/, t/op/,
    t/pod/, t/run/, t/uni/, t/win32/, t/x2p, t/base t/comp,
    t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib

    Special Make Test Targets
    coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
    check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
    utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
    check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty

    Running tests by hand
    -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
    PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST

    EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL

    Rational Software's Purify

    Purify on Unix
    -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity

    Purify on NT
    DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug

    valgrind

    Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree

    PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL

    Profiling

    Gprof Profiling
    -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z

    GCC gcov Profiling

    Pixie Profiling
    -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
    -z[ero]

    Miscellaneous tricks

    CONCLUSION
    The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.

    AUTHOR

    perlbook - Perl book information

    DESCRIPTION

    perltodo - Perl TO-DO List

    DESCRIPTION

    assertions

    iCOW

    (?{...}) closures in regexps

    A re-entrant regexp engine

    pragmata

    lexical pragmas

    use less 'memory'

    prototypes and functions

    _ prototype character

    inlining autoloaded constants

    Finish off lvalue functions

    Unicode and UTF8

    Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation

    UTF8 caching code

    Unicode in Filenames

    Unicode in %ENV

    Regexps

    regexp optimiser optional

    POD

    POD -> HTML conversion still sucks

    Misc medium sized projects

    UNITCHECK

    optional optimizer

    You WANT how many

    lexical aliases

    no 6

    IPv6

    entersub XS vs Perl

    @INC source filter to Filter::Simple

    bincompat functions

    Use fchown/fchmod internally

    Constant folding

    Tests

    Make Schwern poorer

    test B

    common test code for timed bailout

    Installation

    compressed man pages

    Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl

    Relocatable perl

    make HTML install work

    put patchlevel in -v

    Incremental things

    autovivification

    fix tainting bugs

    Make tainting consistent

    Dual life everything

    Vague things

    threads

    POSIX memory footprint

    Optimize away @_

    switch ops

    Attach/detach debugger from running program

    A decent benchmark

    readpipe(LIST)

    Self ties

    perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -h, -v, -t, -u, -m module, -l, -F, -f
    perlfunc, -q perlfaq-search-regexp, -T, -d
    destination-filename, -o output-formatname, -M module-name,
    -w option:value or -w option, -X,
    PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName, -n some-formatter, -r, -i,
    -V

    SECURITY

    ENVIRONMENT

    AUTHOR

    perlhist - the Perl history records

    DESCRIPTION

    INTRODUCTION

    THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN

    PUMPKIN?

    THE RECORDS

    SELECTED RELEASE SIZES

    SELECTED PATCH SIZES

    THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

    perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Unicode Character Database 4.1.0

    suidperl less insecure

    Optional site customization script

    Config.pm is now much smaller.

    Modules and Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    find2perl enhancements

    Performance Enhancements

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    Known Problems

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl587delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Unicode Character Database 4.1.0

    suidperl less insecure

    Optional site customization script

    Config.pm is now much smaller.

    Modules and Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    find2perl enhancements

    Performance Enhancements

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    Known Problems

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Modules and Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    Performance Enhancements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    New Tests

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Modules and Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    Perl's debugger

    h2ph

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    Known Problems

    Platform Specific Problems

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Malloc wrapping

    Unicode Character Database 4.0.1

    suidperl less insecure

    format

    Modules and Pragmata

    Updated modules
    Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
    IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
    Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
    Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
    base, open, threads, utf8

    Performance Enhancements

    Utility Changes

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    Future Directions

    Platform Specific Problems

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Modules and Pragmata
    CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin? , List::Util,
    Math::BigInt, PodParser? , Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
    Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared

    Utility Changes

    New Documentation

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    Configuration and Building

    Platform Specific Problems

    Known Problems

    Future Directions

    Obituary

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Hash Randomisation

    Threading

    Modules and Pragmata

    Updated Modules And Pragmata
    Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N? ::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
    Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
    Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL

    Selected Bug Fixes

    Changed Internals

    Platform Specific Problems

    Future Directions

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1

    DESCRIPTION

    Incompatible Changes

    Hash Randomisation

    UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale

    Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before ``=>''

    (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed

    (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe

    Core Enhancements

    UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales

    Unsafe signals again available

    Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices

    local ${$x}

    Unicode Character Database 4.0.0

    Deprecation Warnings

    Miscellaneous Enhancements

    Modules and Pragmata

    Updated Modules And Pragmata
    base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader? , bytes,
    CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
    Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
    PerlIO? ::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers? , Pod::Perldoc,
    Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
    Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
    Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
    Win32::GetOSVersion

    Utility Changes

    New Documentation

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Platform-specific enhancements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    Closures, eval and lexicals

    Generic fixes

    Platform-specific fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed ``A thread exited while %d threads were running''

    Removed ``Attempt to clear a restricted hash''

    New ``Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine''

    Changed ``Invalid range ''%s`` in transliteration operator''

    New ``Missing control char name in \c''

    New ``Newline in left-justified string for %s''

    New ``Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator''

    New ``Pseudo-hashes are deprecated''

    New ``read() on %s filehandle %s''

    New ``5.005 threads are deprecated''

    New ``Tied variable freed while still in use''

    New ``To%s: illegal mapping '%s'''

    New ``Use of freed value in iteration''

    Changed Internals

    New Tests

    Known Problems

    Tied hashes in scalar context

    Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures

    B::C

    Platform Specific Problems

    EBCDIC Platforms

    Cygwin 1.5 problems

    HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath

    IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing

    Mac OS X: no usemymalloc

    Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)

    Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite

    Future Directions

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0

    DESCRIPTION

    Highlights In 5.8.0

    Incompatible Changes

    Binary Incompatibility

  • -bit platforms and malloc

    • AIX Dynaloading

    Attributes for my variables now handled at run-time

    Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS

    IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS? Alpha

    New Unicode Semantics (no more use utf8, almost)

    New Unicode Properties

    REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)

    pack/unpack D/F recycled

    glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order

    Deprecations

    Core Enhancements

    Unicode Overhaul

    PerlIO is Now The Default

    ithreads

    Restricted Hashes

    Safe Signals

    Understanding of Numbers

    Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]

    Miscellaneous Changes

    Modules and Pragmata

    New Modules and Pragmata

    Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    New Documentation

    Performance Enhancements

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Generic Improvements

    New Or Improved Platforms

    Selected Bug Fixes

    Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    Security Vulnerability Closed [561]

    New Tests

    Known Problems

    The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental

    Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken

    Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

    Modifying $_ Inside for(..)

    mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl

    lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

    libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51

    PDL failing some tests

    Perl_get_sv

    Self-tying Problems

    ext/threads/t/libc

    Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests

    Timing problems

    Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify

    Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work

    Platform Specific Problems

    AIX

    Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests

    AmigaOS

    BeOS

    Cygwin ``unable to remap''

    Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT

    DJGPP Failures

    FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories

    FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales

    IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5

    HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured

    Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint

    Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

    Mac OS X

    Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols

    OS/2 Test Failures

    op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130

    SCO

    Solaris 2.5

    Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint

    SUPER-UX (NEC SX)

    Term::ReadKey not working on Win32

    UNICOS/mk

    UTS

    VOS (Stratus)

    VMS

    Win32

    XML::Parser not working

    z/OS (OS/390)

    Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty

    Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3

    DESCRIPTION

    Changes

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2

    DESCRIPTION

    Security Vulnerability Closed

    Incompatible Changes

    1. -bit platforms and malloc

      2. AIX Dynaloading

      Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS

      Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}

      Deprecations

    Core Enhancements

    Modules and Pragmata

    New Modules and Distributions

    Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    New Documentation

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    New Or Improved Platforms

    Generic Improvements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Source Code Enhancements

    MAGIC constants

    Better commented code

    Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up

    gcc -Wall

    New Tests

    Known Problems

    AIX

    Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery

    lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

    Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12

    HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured

    HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured

    Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

    OS/390

    op/sprintf tests 129 and 130

    Failure of Thread tests

    UNICOS

    UTS

    VMS

    Win32

    Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory

    Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden

    Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing

    Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

    The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

    The Long Double Support is Still Experimental

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1

    DESCRIPTION

    Security Vulnerability Closed

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable

    PerlIO is Now The Default

    Signals Are Now Safe

    Modules and Pragmata

    New Modules

    Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

    Performance Enhancements

    Utility Changes

    New Documentation

    perlclib

    perliol

    README.aix

    README.bs2000

    README.macos

    README.mpeix

    README.solaris

    README.vos

    Porting/repository.pod

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    New Or Improved Platforms

    Generic Improvements
    d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
    need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
    d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep

    Selected Bug Fixes

    Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    New Tests

    Known Problems

    AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl

    lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

    lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX

    Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX

    lib/b test 19

    Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

    sigaction test 13 in VMS

    sprintf tests 129 and 130

    Failure of Thread tests

    Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory

    Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden

    Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

    The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0

    DESCRIPTION

    Security Vulnerability Closed

    Incompatible Changes

    Core Enhancements

    Modules and Pragmata

    New Modules

    Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    New Documentation

    Performance Enhancements

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    Generic Improvements

    Selected Bug Fixes

    Platform Specific Changes and Fixes

    New or Changed Diagnostics

    Changed Internals

    Known Problems

    Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect

    EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform

    Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

    ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

    Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX

    Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris

    Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48

    Storable tests fail in some platforms

    Threads Are Still Experimental

    The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x

    DESCRIPTION

    Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1

    Security Issues

    Core bug fixes
    UNIVERSAL::isa(), Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
    Bugs in regular expressions, ``slurp'' mode, Autovivification of symbolic
    references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
    errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
    map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT? , chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
    Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, no
    Module;>, Tests

    Core features

    Configuration issues

    Documentation

    Bundled modules
    B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
    Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
    IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
    Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash

    Platform-specific improvements
    NCR MP-RAS, NonStop? -UX

    Core Enhancements

    Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency

    Lexically scoped warning categories

    Unicode and UTF-8 support

    Support for interpolating named characters

    ``our'' declarations

    Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals

    Improved Perl version numbering system

    New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes

    File and directory handles can be autovivified

    open() with more than two arguments

  • -bit support

    • Large file support

    Long doubles

    ``more bits''

    Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

    sort $coderef @foo allowed

    File globbing implemented internally

    Support for CHECK blocks

    POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported

    Better pseudo-random number generator

    Improved qw// operator

    Better worst-case behavior of hashes

    pack() format 'Z' supported

    pack() format modifier '!' supported

    pack() and unpack() support counted strings

    Comments in pack() templates

    Weak references

    Binary numbers supported

    Lvalue subroutines

    Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references

    Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues

    exists() is supported on subroutine names

    exists() and delete() are supported on array elements

    Pseudo-hashes work better

    Automatic flushing of output buffers

    Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations

    Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle

    eof() has the same old magic as <>

    binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes

    -T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as ``text''

    system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure

    Improved diagnostics

    Diagnostics follow STDERR

    More consistent close-on-exec behavior

    syswrite() ease-of-use

    Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators

    Bit operators support full native integer width

    Improved security features

    More functional bareword prototype (*)

    require and do may be overridden

    $^X variables may now have names longer than one character

    New variable $^C reflects -c switch

    New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string

    Optional Y2K? warnings

    Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

    Modules and Pragmata

    Modules
    attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader? , constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
    DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
    Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
    File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
    Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
    podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
    pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
    Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters

    Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    dprofpp

    find2perl

    h2xs

    perlcc

    perldoc

    The Perl Debugger

    Improved Documentation
    perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
    perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
    perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
    perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

    Performance enhancements

    Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized

    Optimized assignments to lexical variables

    Faster subroutine calls

    delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    -Dusethreads means something different

    New Configure flags

    Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring

    Long Doubles

    -Dusemorebits

    -Duselargefiles

    installusrbinperl

    SOCKS support

    -A flag

    Enhanced Installation Directories

    gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working

    Platform specific changes

    Supported platforms

    DOS

    OS390 (OpenEdition? MVS)

    VMS

    Win32

    Significant bug fixes

    <HANDLE> on empty files

    eval '...' improvements

    All compilation errors are true errors

    Implicitly closed filehandles are safer

    Behavior of list slices is more consistent

    (\$) prototype and $foo{a}

    goto &sub and AUTOLOAD

    -bareword allowed under use integer

    Failures in DESTROY()

    Locale bugs fixed

    Memory leaks

    Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls

    Taint failures under -U

    END blocks and the -c switch

    Potential to leak DATA filehandles

    New or Changed Diagnostics
    ``%s'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, ``my sub'' not yet
    implemented, ``our'' variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
    / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
    by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
    \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
    passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as ``%s'', %s() called too
    early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
    argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
    subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
    %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
    substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
    Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
    size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
    filesystem of script ``%s'', Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in ``%s'',
    Can't declare %s in ``%s'', Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
    Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
    remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
    weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
    syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
    constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
    defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
    ``local'' instead of ``our''?), Document contains no data, entering effective
    %s failed, false [] range ``%s'' in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
    output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol ``%s'' requires
    explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
    Ill-formed CRTL environ value ``%s'', Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
    |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
    number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
    %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range ``%s'' in regexp, Invalid
    separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
    subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
    returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
    %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in ``my sub'',
    No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in ``our'',
    No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
    is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
    panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
    around ``%s'' list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
    Possible Y2K? bug: %s, pragma ``attrs'' is deprecated, use ``sub NAME : ATTRS''
    instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
    Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
    Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
    zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
    Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
    environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
    '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
    escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
    list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
    subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
    CLI symbol ``%s'' too long, Version number must be a constant number

    New tests

    Incompatible Changes

    Perl Source Incompatibilities
    CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
    Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
    1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
    generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on
    read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
    Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(),
    values() and \(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
    Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed,
    Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
    prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
    on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results

    C Source Incompatibilities
    PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC

    Compatible C Source API Changes
    PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION

    Binary Incompatibilities

    Known Problems

    Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory

    Known test failures

    EBCDIC platforms not fully supported

    UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run

    Arrow operator and arrays

    Experimental features
    Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
    pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
    globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

    Obsolete Diagnostics
    Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
    logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
    \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of ``$$<digit>''
    to mean ``${$}<digit>'' is deprecated

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0

    DESCRIPTION

    Core Enhancements

    Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency

    Lexically scoped warning categories

    Unicode and UTF-8 support

    Support for interpolating named characters

    ``our'' declarations

    Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals

    Improved Perl version numbering system

    New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes

    File and directory handles can be autovivified

    open() with more than two arguments

  • -bit support

    • Large file support

    Long doubles

    ``more bits''

    Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

    sort $coderef @foo allowed

    File globbing implemented internally

    Support for CHECK blocks

    POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported

    Better pseudo-random number generator

    Improved qw// operator

    Better worst-case behavior of hashes

    pack() format 'Z' supported

    pack() format modifier '!' supported

    pack() and unpack() support counted strings

    Comments in pack() templates

    Weak references

    Binary numbers supported

    Lvalue subroutines

    Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references

    Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues

    exists() is supported on subroutine names

    exists() and delete() are supported on array elements

    Pseudo-hashes work better

    Automatic flushing of output buffers

    Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations

    Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle

    eof() has the same old magic as <>

    binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes

    -T filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as ``text''

    system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure

    Improved diagnostics

    Diagnostics follow STDERR

    More consistent close-on-exec behavior

    syswrite() ease-of-use

    Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators

    Bit operators support full native integer width

    Improved security features

    More functional bareword prototype (*)

    require and do may be overridden

    $^X variables may now have names longer than one character

    New variable $^C reflects -c switch

    New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string

    Optional Y2K? warnings

    Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

    Modules and Pragmata

    Modules
    attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader? , constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
    DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
    Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
    File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
    Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
    podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
    pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
    Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters

    Pragmata

    Utility Changes

    dprofpp

    find2perl

    h2xs

    perlcc

    perldoc

    The Perl Debugger

    Improved Documentation
    perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
    perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
    perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
    perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod

    Performance enhancements

    Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized

    Optimized assignments to lexical variables

    Faster subroutine calls

    delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster

    Installation and Configuration Improvements

    -Dusethreads means something different

    New Configure flags

    Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring

    Long Doubles

    -Dusemorebits

    -Duselargefiles

    installusrbinperl

    SOCKS support

    -A flag

    Enhanced Installation Directories

    Platform specific changes

    Supported platforms

    DOS

    OS390 (OpenEdition? MVS)

    VMS

    Win32

    Significant bug fixes

    <HANDLE> on empty files

    eval '...' improvements

    All compilation errors are true errors

    Implicitly closed filehandles are safer

    Behavior of list slices is more consistent

    (\$) prototype and $foo{a}

    goto &sub and AUTOLOAD

    -bareword allowed under use integer

    Failures in DESTROY()

    Locale bugs fixed

    Memory leaks

    Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls

    Taint failures under -U

    END blocks and the -c switch

    Potential to leak DATA filehandles

    New or Changed Diagnostics
    ``%s'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, ``my sub'' not yet
    implemented, ``our'' variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
    / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
    by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
    \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
    passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as ``%s'', %s() called too
    early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
    argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
    subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
    %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
    substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
    Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
    size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
    filesystem of script ``%s'', Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in ``%s'',
    Can't declare %s in ``%s'', Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
    Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
    remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
    weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
    syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
    constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
    defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
    ``local'' instead of ``our''?), Document contains no data, entering effective
    %s failed, false [] range ``%s'' in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
    output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol ``%s'' requires
    explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
    Ill-formed CRTL environ value ``%s'', Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
    |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
    number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
    %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range ``%s'' in regexp, Invalid
    separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
    subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
    returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
    %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in ``my sub'',
    No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in ``our'',
    No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
    is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
    panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
    around ``%s'' list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
    Possible Y2K? bug: %s, pragma ``attrs'' is deprecated, use ``sub NAME : ATTRS''
    instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
    Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
    Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
    zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
    Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
    environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
    '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
    escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
    list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
    subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
    CLI symbol ``%s'' too long, Version number must be a constant number

    New tests

    Incompatible Changes

    Perl Source Incompatibilities
    CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
    Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
    1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
    generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, undef fails on
    read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
    Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(),
    values() and \(%h), vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
    Text of some diagnostic output has changed, %@ has been removed,
    Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
    prototype (*) have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
    on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results

    C Source Incompatibilities
    PERL_POLLUTE, PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT, PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC

    Compatible C Source API Changes
    PATCHLEVEL is now PERL_VERSION

    Binary Incompatibilities

    Known Problems

    Thread test failures

    EBCDIC platforms not supported

    In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang

    NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure

    Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
    gcc

    UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run

    Arrow operator and arrays

    Experimental features
    Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
    pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
    globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:

    Obsolete Diagnostics
    Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
    logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
    \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of ``$$<digit>''
    to mean ``${$}<digit>'' is deprecated

    Reporting Bugs

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005

    DESCRIPTION

    About the new versioning system

    Incompatible Changes

    WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.

    Default installation structure has changed

    Perl Source Compatibility

    C Source Compatibility

    Binary Compatibility

    Security fixes may affect compatibility

    Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004

    Licensing

    Core Changes

    Threads

    Compiler

    Regular Expressions
    Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
    constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
    improvements, Incompatible changes

    Improved malloc()

    Quicksort is internally implemented

    Reliable signals

    Reliable stack pointers

    More generous treatment of carriage returns

    Memory leaks

    Better support for multiple interpreters

    Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined

    %! is transparently tied to the the Errno manpage module

    Pseudo-hashes are supported

    EXPR foreach EXPR is supported

    Keywords can be globally overridden

    $^E is meaningful on Win32

    foreach (1..1000000) optimized

    Foo:: can be used as implicitly quoted package name

    exists $Foo::{Bar::} tests existence of a package

    Better locale support

    Experimental support for 64-bit platforms

    prototype() returns useful results on builtins

    Extended support for exception handling

    Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods

    All printf format conversions are handled internally

    New INIT keyword

    New lock keyword

    New qr// operator

    our is now a reserved word

    Tied arrays are now fully supported

    Tied handles support is better

  • th argument to substr

    • Negative LENGTH argument to splice

    Magic lvalues are now more magical

    <> now reads in records

    Supported Platforms

    New Platforms

    Changes in existing support

    Modules and Pragmata

    New Modules
    B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils? ::Installed,
    ExtUtils? ::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
    Thread, attrs, fields, re

    Changes in existing modules
    Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
    MakeMaker? , CPAN, Cwd

    Utility Changes

    Documentation Changes

    New Diagnostics
    Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
    while coercing array into hash, Bareword ``%s'' refers to nonexistent
    package, Can't call method ``%s'' on an undefined value, Can't check
    filesystem of script ``%s'' for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
    goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
    Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
    for ``%s'', Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
    Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
    class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
    insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
    Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
    package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
    field ``%s'' in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
    large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
    detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
    list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
    ``%s'' is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed

    Obsolete Diagnostics
    Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -e: %s, Cannot open
    temporary file, regexp too big

    Configuration Changes

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004

    DESCRIPTION

    Supported Environments

    Core Changes

    List assignment to %ENV works

    Change to ``Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC'' error

    Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003

    $PERL5OPT environment variable

    Limitations on -M, -m, and -T options

    More precise warnings

    Deprecated: Inherited AUTOLOAD for non-methods

    Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable

    Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified

    Group vector changeable with $)

    Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.

    Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.

    No resetting of $. on implicit close

    wantarray may return undef

    eval EXPR determines value of EXPR in scalar context

    Changes to tainting checks
    No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
    spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name

    New Opcode module and revised Safe module

    Embedding improvements

    Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes

    Internal change: PerlIO? abstraction interface

    New and changed syntax
    $coderef->(PARAMS)

    New and changed builtin constants
    PACKAGE

    New and changed builtin variables
    $^E, $^H, $^M

    New and changed builtin functions
    delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
    Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
    VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, m//gc does not
    reset search position on failure, m//x ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
    nested sub{} closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals

    New builtin methods
    isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )

    TIEHANDLE now supported
    TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
    LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this

    Malloc enhancements
    -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE

    Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements

    Support for More Operating Systems

    Win32

    Plan 9

    QNX

    AmigaOS

    Pragmata
    use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
    constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish

    Modules

    Required Updates

    Installation directories

    Module information summary

    Fcntl

    IO

    Math::Complex

    Math::Trig

    DB_File

    Net::Ping

    Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators

    Utility Changes

    pod2html
    Sends converted HTML to standard output

    xsubpp
    void XSUBs now default to returning nothing

    C Language API Changes
    gv_fetchmethod and perl_call_sv, perl_eval_pv, Extended API for
    manipulating hashes

    Documentation Changes
    the perldelta manpage, the perlfaq manpage, the perllocale manpage, the perltoot manpage, the perlapio manpage,
    the perlmodlib manpage, the perldebug manpage, the perlsec manpage

    New Diagnostics
    ``my'' variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
    not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
    large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
    nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
    Bareword ``%s'' refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
    subroutine %s, Can't use bareword (``%s'') as %s ref while ``strict refs'' in
    use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
    subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
    not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
    long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT? :
    %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
    internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: ``%s'', Invalid type
    in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name ``%s::%s'' used only once:
    possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
    memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
    attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
    with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
    while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for ``-T''
    option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
    character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of ``$$<digit>'' to mean
    ``${$}<digit>'' is deprecated, Value of %s can be ``0''; test with defined(),
    Variable ``%s'' may be unavailable, Variable ``%s'' will not stay shared,
    Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
    Got an error from DosAllocMem? , Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
    long, Process terminated by SIG%s

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The ``Artistic License''

    Preamble

    Definitions
    ``Package'', ``Standard Version'', ``Copyright Holder'', ``You'', ``Reasonable
    copying fee``, ''Freely Available``

    Conditions
    a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)

    perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

    perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems

    DESCRIPTION

    Compiling Perl 5 on AIX

    OS level

    Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX

    The IBM ANSI C Compiler

    The usenm option

    Using GNU's gcc for building perl

    Using Large Files with Perl

    Threaded Perl

  • -bit Perl

    • AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics

    AUTHOR

    DATE

    perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS

    NOTE

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS?
    Unix emulation for AmigaOS? : ixemul.library, Version of Amiga OS

    Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS?

    Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS?

    INSTALLATION

    Accessing documentation

    Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS?

    Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS?

    Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS?

    Perl LaTeX? Documentation on AmigaOS?

    BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS

    Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS?

    Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS?

    Making Perl on AmigaOS?

    Testing Perl on AmigaOS?

    Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS?

    PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS?

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS?

    DESCRIPTION

    BUILD AND INSTALL

    Requirements

    Configure

    Build

    Install

    KNOWN PROBLEMS

    CONTACT

    perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    gzip on BS2000

    bison on BS2000

    Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000

    Compiling Perl on BS2000

    Testing Perl on BS2000

    Installing Perl on BS2000

    Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000

    Using Perl in ``native'' BS2000

    Floating point anomalies on BS2000

    Using PerlIO? and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    Mailing list

    HISTORY

    perlce - Perl for WinCE?

    DESCRIPTION

    BUILD

    Tools & SDK
    Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
    celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources

    Make
    go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run 
      compile.bat dist

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    AUTHORS

    perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin

    SYNOPSIS

    PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN

    Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)

    Cygwin Configuration
    PATH, nroff, Permissions

    CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN

    Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin

    Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
    -lcrypt, -lgdbm (use GDBM_File), -ldb (use DB_File),
    -lcygipc (use IPC::SysV), -lutil

    Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
    -Uusedl, -Uusemymalloc, -Uuseperlio, -Dusemultiplicity,
    -Duse64bitint, -Duselongdouble, -Dusethreads, -Duselargefiles,
    -Dmksymlinks

    Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
    dlsym(), Win9x and d_eofnblk, Compiler/Preprocessor defines

    MAKE ON CYGWIN

    Errors on Cygwin

    ld2 on Cygwin

    TEST ON CYGWIN

    File Permissions on Cygwin

    NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems

    fork() failures in io_* tests

    Specific features of the Cygwin port

    Script Portability on Cygwin
    Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO? , .exe, cygwin vs. windows process ids,
    chown(), Miscellaneous

    Prebuilt methods:
    Cwd::cwd, Cygwin::pid_to_winpid, Cygwin::winpid_to_pid

    INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN

    MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
    Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
    Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts

    BUGS ON CYGWIN

    AUTHORS

    HISTORY

    perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX

    Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX

    Threaded Perl on DG/UX

    Testing Perl on DG/UX

    Installing the built perl on DG/UX

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
    DJGPP, Pthreads

    Shortcomings of Perl under DOS

    Building Perl on DOS

    Testing Perl on DOS

    Installation of Perl on DOS

    BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS

    Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS

    Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS

    Building Non-XS Modules on DOS

    Building XS Modules on DOS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC

    SYNOPSIS

    INTRODUCTION

    INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC

    STARTING PERL ON EPOC

    Editors on Epoc

    Features of Perl on Epoc

    Restrictions of Perl on Epoc

    Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment

    SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC

    AUTHOR

    LAST UPDATE

    perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD? systems

    DESCRIPTION

    FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads

    $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD?

    Perl will no longer be part of ``base FreeBSD? ''

    AUTHOR

    perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix

    (HP-UX) systems

    DESCRIPTION

    Using perl as shipped with HP-UX

    Using perl from HP's porting centre

    Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX

    PA-RISC

    Portability Between PA-RISC Versions

    PA-RISC 1.0

    PA-RISC 1.1

    PA-RISC 2.0

    Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX

    Itanium & Itanium 2

    Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX

    The HP ANSI C Compiler

    The GNU C Compiler

    Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX

    Threaded Perl on HP-UX

  • -bit Perl on HP-UX

    • Oracle on HP-UX

    GDBM and Threads on HP-UX

    NFS filesystems and the utime(2) manpage on HP-UX

    perl -P and // and HP-UX

    HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl

    nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

    AUTHOR

    DATE

    perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd

    DESCRIPTION

    Known Problems with Perl on Hurd

    AUTHOR

    perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems

    DESCRIPTION

    Building 32-bit Perl in Irix

    Building 64-bit Perl in Irix

    About Compiler Versions of Irix

    Linker Problems in Irix

    Malloc in Irix

    Building with threads in Irix

    Irix 5.3

    AUTHOR

    perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen?

    systems

    DESCRIPTION

    Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported

    Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen?

    Failures during make test on MachTen?
    op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t

    Building external modules on MachTen?

    AUTHOR

    DATE

    perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    DATE

    perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Installation Prefix

    libperl and Prebinding

    Updating Panther

    Known problems

    MacPerl

    Carbon

    Cocoa

    Starting From Scratch

    AUTHOR

    DATE

    perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT?

    DESCRIPTION

    Known problems with Perl on MiNT?

    AUTHOR

    perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE

    SYNOPSIS

    NOTE

    Binary distribution from HP

    What's New in Perl for MPE/iX

    Welcome to Perl/iX

    System Requirements for Perl/iX

    How to Obtain Perl/iX

    Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
    README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K? , PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
    public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe

    How to Compile Perl/iX
     4,  6

    Getting Started with Perl/iX

    MPE/iX Implementation Considerations

    Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation

    Perl/iX To-Do List

    Perl/iX Change History

    AUTHOR

    perlnetware - Perl for NetWare?

    DESCRIPTION

    BUILD

    Tools & SDK

    Setup
    SetNWBld? .bat, Buildtype.bat

    Make

    Interpreter

    Extensions

    INSTALL

    BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    AUTHORS

    DATE

    perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD? systems

    DESCRIPTION

    OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
    ithreads

    AUTHOR

    perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT? .

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Target

    Other OSes

    Prerequisites
    EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh

    Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)

    Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl

    Frequently asked questions

    ``It does not work''

    I cannot run external programs

    I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my
    program.
    Is your program EMX-compiled with -Zmt -Zcrtdll?, Did you use
    the ExtUtils? ::Embed manpage?

    `` and pipe-open do not work under DOS.

    Cannot start find.exe "pattern" file

    INSTALLATION

    Automatic binary installation
    PERL_BADLANG, PERL_BADFREE, Config.pm

    Manual binary installation
    Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
    (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
    Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
    and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
    Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh

    Warning

    Accessing documentation

    OS/2 .INF file

    Plain text

    Manpages

    HTML

    GNU info files

    PDF files

    LaTeX docs

    BUILD

    The short story

    Prerequisites

    Getting perl source

    Application of the patches

    Hand-editing

    Making

    Testing
    A lot of bad free, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t,
    op/stat.t

    Installing the built perl

    a.out-style build

    Building a binary distribution

    Building custom .EXE files

    Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
    extensions

    Making executables with a custom search-paths

    Build FAQ

    Some / became \ in pdksh.

    'errno' - unresolved external

    Problems with tr or sed

    Some problem (forget which ;-)

    Library ... not found

    Segfault in make

    op/sprintf test failure

    Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port

    setpriority, getpriority

    system()

    extproc on the first line

    Additional modules:

    Prebuilt methods:
    File::Copy::syscopy, DynaLoader::mod2fname, Cwd::current_drive(), 
     C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>,  C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
    Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name), Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name),
    Cwd::sys_is_relative(name), Cwd::sys_cwd(name),
    Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir), Cwd::extLibpath([type]),
    Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] ),
    OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception), OS2::Errors2Drive(drive),
    OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), OS2::MorphPM(serve),
    OS2::UnMorphPM(serve), OS2::Serve_Messages(force),
    OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt]), OS2::_control87(new,mask),
    OS2::get_control87(), OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM),
    OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])

    Prebuilt variables:
    $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
    $OS2::nsyserror

    Misfeatures

    Modifications
    popen, tmpnam, tmpfile, ctermid, stat, mkdir, rmdir,
    flock

    Identifying DLLs

    Centralized management of resources
    HAB, HMQ, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
    CheckOSError(expr), CheckWinError(expr), SaveWinError(expr),
    SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2), WinError_2_Perl_rc,
    FillWinError, FillOSError(rc), Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs

    Perl flavors

    perl.exe

    perl_.exe

    perl__.exe

    perl___.exe

    Why strange names?

    Why dynamic linking?

    Why chimera build?

    ENVIRONMENT

    PERLLIB_PREFIX

    PERL_BADLANG

    PERL_BADFREE

    PERL_SH_DIR

    USE_PERL_FLOCK

    TMP or TEMP

    Evolution

    Text-mode filehandles

    Priorities

    DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2

    DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
    Global DLLs, specific DLLs, BEGINLIBPATH and ENDLIBPATH, . from
    LIBPATH

    DLL forwarder generation

    Threading

    Calls to external programs

    Memory allocation

    Threads
    COND_WAIT, os2.c

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390

    and z/OS

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Tools

    Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390

    Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390

    Configure Perl on OS/390

    Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390

    Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

    Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

    Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

    Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390

    Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

    Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    Mailing list for Perl on OS/390

    HISTORY

    perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400

    DESCRIPTION

    Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE

    Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE

    Using Perl in OS/400 PASE

    Known Problems

    Perl on ILE

    AUTHORS

    perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl

    DESCRIPTION

    Invoking Perl

    What's in Plan 9 Perl

    What's not in Plan 9 Perl

    Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl

    Signals in Plan 9 Perl

    COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9

    Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9

    BUGS

    Revision date

    AUTHOR

    perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX

    DESCRIPTION

    Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
    /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make

    Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4

    QNX auxiliary files
    qnx/ar, qnx/cpp

    Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6

    AUTHOR

    perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems

    DESCRIPTION

    Solaris Version Numbers.

    RESOURCES
    Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation

    SETTING UP

    File Extraction Problems on Solaris.

    Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.

    Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris

    RUN CONFIGURE.

    1. -bit perl on Solaris.

      2. Threads in perl on Solaris.

      Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.

    MAKE PROBLEMS.
    Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
    relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error ``No
    DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified``, sh: ar: not found

    MAKE TEST

    op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris

    nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent

    PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.

    RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.

    Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.

    SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.

    SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.

    Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris

    BSD::Resource on Solaris

    Net::SSLeay on Solaris

    SunOS 4.x

    AUTHOR

    LAST MODIFIED

    perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as

    Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems

    DESCRIPTION

    Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64

    Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64

    Threaded Perl on Tru64

    Long Doubles on Tru64

    DB_File tests failing on Tru64

  • -bit Perl on Tru64

    • Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64

    Testing Perl on Tru64

    ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds

    Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark

    AUTHOR

    perluts - Perl under UTS

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUILDING PERL ON UTS

    Installing the built perl on UTS

    AUTHOR

    perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA

    Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA

    Configure Perl on VM/ESA

    Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA

    Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA

    perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl

    DESCRIPTION

    Installation

    Organization of Perl Images

    Core Images

    Perl Extensions

    Installing static extensions

    Installing dynamic extensions

    File specifications

    Syntax

    Wildcard expansion

    Pipes

    PERL5LIB and PERLLIB

    Command line

    I/O redirection and backgrounding

    Command line switches
    -i, -S, -u

    Perl functions
    File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
    exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
    (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
    LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS

    Perl variables
    %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|

    Standard modules with VMS-specific differences

    SDBM_File

    Revision date

    AUTHOR

    perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS

    SYNOPSIS

    Multiple methods to build perl for VOS

    Stratus POSIX Support

    INSTALLING PERL IN VOS

    Compiling Perl 5 on VOS

    Installing Perl 5 on VOS

    USING PERL IN VOS

    Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS

    Restrictions of Perl on VOS

    Handling of underflow and overflow

    TEST STATUS

    SUPPORT STATUS

    AUTHOR

    LAST UPDATE

    perlwin32 - Perl under Windows

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Setting Up Perl on Win32
    Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
    C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW? release 3
    with gcc, MinGW? release 1 with gcc

    Building

    Testing Perl on Win32

    Installation of Perl on Win32

    Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
    Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
    Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
    Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows

    Running Perl Scripts

    Miscellaneous Things

    BUGS AND CAVEATS

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    AUTHORS
    Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy
    <gsar@activestate.com>, Nick Ing-Simmons
    <nick@ing-simmons.net>, Jan Dubois <jand@activestate.com>,
    Steve Hay <steve.hay@uk.radan.com>

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    voltar para o topo

    PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION

    attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    method, locked

    re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing

    data structures between threads

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXPORT

    FUNCTIONS
    share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
    LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
    ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE

    NOTES

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads

    from perl

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
    threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
    threads->list();, async BLOCK;

    WARNINGS
    A thread exited while %d other threads were still running

    TODO

    BUGS
    Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
    blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be

    AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Built-in Attributes
    locked, method, lvalue

    Available Subroutines
    get, reftype

    Package-specific Attribute Handling
    FETCH_type_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_type_ATTRIBUTES

    Syntax of Attribute Lists

    EXPORTS

    Default exports

    Available exports

    Export tags defined

    EXAMPLES

    SEE ALSO

    autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    WARNING

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    DIAGNOSTICS
    Base class package ``%s'' is empty

    HISTORY

    CAVEATS

    SEE ALSO

    bigint - Transparent BigInteger? support for Perl

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Options
    a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version

    Math Library

    Internal Format

    Sign

    Methods

    Caveat

    MODULES USED

    EXAMPLES

    LICENSE

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    bignum - Transparent BigNumber? support for Perl

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Options
    a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version

    Methods

    Caveat
    inf(), NaN? (), upgrade()

    MATH LIBRARY

    INTERNAL FORMAT

    SIGN

    MODULES USED

    EXAMPLES

    LICENSE

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    bigrat - Transparent BigNumber? /BigRational support for Perl

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Modules Used

    Math Library

    Sign

    Methods

    Cavaet

    Options
    a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version

    EXAMPLES
            perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
            perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
            perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
            perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
            perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';

    LICENSE

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    blib - Use MakeMaker? 's uninstalled version of a package

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character

    semantics

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    LIMITATIONS

    SEE ALSO

    charnames - define character names for \N{named} string literal

    escapes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CUSTOM TRANSLATORS

    CUSTOM ALIASES

    Anonymous hashes

    Alias file

    Alias shortcut

    charnames::viacode(code)

    charnames::vianame(name)

    ALIASES

    ILLEGAL CHARACTERS

    BUGS

    constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTES

    List constants

    Defining multiple constants at once

    Magic constants

    TECHNICAL NOTES

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The diagnostics Pragma

    The splain Program

    EXAMPLES

    INTERNALS

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    Literal Conversions

    PerlIO layers for STD(IN|OUT)

    Implicit upgrading for byte strings

    FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
    ``NON-EUC'' doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle

    USAGE
    use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN =>
    ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding;

    The Filter Option

    Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87

    CAVEATS

    NOT SCOPED

    DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS

    tr/// with ranges
    Legend of characters above

    EXAMPLE - Greekperl

    KNOWN PROBLEMS
    literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format

    The Logic of :locale

    HISTORY

    SEE ALSO

    fields - compile-time class fields

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    new, phash

    SEE ALSO

    filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    subpragma access

    if - use a Perl module if a condition holds

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating

    point

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    lib - manipulate @INC at compile time

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Adding directories to @INC

    Deleting directories from @INC

    Restoring original @INC

    CAVEATS

    NOTES

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in

    operations

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO? layers for input and output

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY

    IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

    SEE ALSO

    ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    overload - Package for overloading perl operations

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Declaration of overloaded functions

    Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
    FALSE, TRUE, undef

    Calling Conventions for Unary Operations

    Calling Conventions for Mutators
    ++ and --, x= and other assignment versions

    Overloadable Operations
    Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations,
    Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string
    and numeric conversion>, Iteration, Dereferencing, Special

    Inheritance and overloading
    Strings as values of use overload directive, Overloading of an operation
    is inherited by derived classes

    SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR use overload

    Last Resort

    Fallback
    undef, TRUE, defined, but FALSE

    Copy Constructor
    Example

    MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
    Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations,
    Increment and decrement, abs($a), Unary minus, Negation,
    Concatenation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing,
    Copy operator

    Losing overloading

    Run-time Overloading

    Public functions
    overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)

    Overloading constants
    integer, float, binary, q, qr

    IMPLEMENTATION

    Metaphor clash

    Cookbook

    Two-face scalars

    Two-face references

    Symbolic calculator

    Really symbolic calculator

    AUTHOR

    DIAGNOSTICS
    Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
    type, `%s' is not a code reference

    BUGS

    sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS

    SIGNAL HANDLERS
    stack-trace, die, handler your-handler

    SIGNAL LISTS
    normal-signals, error-signals, old-interface-signals

    OTHER
    untrapped, any, signal, number

    EXAMPLES

    sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CAVEATS

    strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    strict refs, strict vars, strict subs

    HISTORY

    subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data

    structures between threads

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXPORT

    FUNCTIONS
    share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
    LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
    ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE

    NOTES

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source

    code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Utility functions
    $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
    FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
    utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    vmsish status, vmsish exit, vmsish time, vmsish hushed

    warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
    warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
    warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
    warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
    warnings::warnif($object, $message)

    warnings::register - warnings import function

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    voltar para o topo

    MODULE DOCUMENTATION

    AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    DBM Comparisons
    [0], [1], [2], [3]

    SEE ALSO

    Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers

    VERSION

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

    Typed lexicals

    Type-specific attribute handlers

    Non-interpretive attribute handlers

    Phase-specific attribute handlers

    Attributes as tie interfaces

    EXAMPLES

    DIAGNOSTICS
    Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s), Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
    attributes>, Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
    future reserved word>, Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine,
    Can't autotie a %s, Internal error: %s symbol went missing, Won't
    be able to apply END handler>

    AUTHOR

    BUGS

    COPYRIGHT

    AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Subroutine Stubs

    Using AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

    Overriding AutoLoader's AUTOLOAD Subroutine

    Package Lexicals

    Not Using AutoLoader

    AutoLoader vs. SelfLoader

    CAVEATS

    SEE ALSO

    AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    $keep, $check, $modtime

    Multiple packages

    DIAGNOSTICS

    B - The Perl Compiler

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OVERVIEW

    Utility Functions

    Functions Returning B::SV, B::AV, B::HV, and B::CV
    objects
    sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
    check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv

    Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
    walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)

    Functions Returning B::OP objects or for walking op trees
    main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)

    Miscellaneous Utility Functions
    ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
    perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names

    OVERVIEW OF CLASSES

    SV-RELATED CLASSES

    B::SV Methods
    REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref

    B::IV Methods
    IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv

    B::NV Methods
    NV, NVX

    B::RV Methods
    RV

    B::PV Methods
    PV, RV, PVX

    B::PVMG Methods
    MAGIC, SvSTASH?

    B::MAGIC Methods
    MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX

    B::PVLV Methods
    TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG

    B::BM Methods
    USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE

    B::GV Methods
    is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
    LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT? , FLAGS

    B::IO Methods
    LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
    BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE? , IoFLAGS? , IsSTD?

    B::AV Methods
    FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS?

    B::CV Methods
    STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
    XSUBANY, CvFLAGS? , const_sv

    B::HV Methods
    FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY

    OP-RELATED CLASSES

    B::OP Methods
    next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private,
    spare

    B::UNOP METHOD
    first

    B::BINOP METHOD
    last

    B::LOGOP METHOD
    other

    B::LISTOP METHOD
    children

    B::PMOP Methods
    pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
    pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset

    B::SVOP METHOD
    sv, gv

    B::PADOP METHOD
    padix

    B::PVOP METHOD
    pv

    B::LOOP Methods
    redoop, nextop, lastop

    B::COP Methods
    label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io

    AUTHOR

    B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate

    bytecode

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name

    AUTHOR

    B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHORS

    B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Functions
    find_leaders

    AUTHOR

    B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLE

    OPTIONS
    -b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s

    KNOWN BUGS

    NOTICE

    AUTHORS

    B::C - Perl compiler's C backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -D, -Do, -Dc, -DA,
    -DC, -DM, -f, -fcog, -fsave-data, -fppaddr, -fwarn-sv,
    -fuse-script-name, -fsave-sig-hash, -On, -O0, -O1, -O2,
    -llimit

    EXAMPLES

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -ofilename, -v, --, -uPackname, -mModulename, -D, -Dr,
    -DO, -Ds, -Dp, -Dq, -Dl, -Dt, -f,
    -ffreetmps-each-bblock, -ffreetmps-each-loop, -fomit-taint, -On

    EXAMPLES

    BUGS

    DIFFERENCES

    Loops

    Context of ``..''

    Arithmetic

    Deprecated features

    AUTHOR

    B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLE

    OPTIONS

    Options for Opcode Ordering
    -basic, -exec, -tree

    Options for Line-Style
    -concise, -terse, -linenoise, -debug, -env

    Options for tree-specific formatting
    -compact, -loose, -vt, -ascii

    Options controlling sequence numbering
    -basen, -bigendian, -littleendian

    Other options
    -main, -nomain, -nobanner, -banner, -banneris => subref

    Option Stickiness

    ABBREVIATIONS

    OP class abbreviations

    OP flags abbreviations

    FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS

    Special Patterns
    (x(exec_text;basic_text)x), ((text)),
    ((text1;text2)), (?(text1#varText2)?),
    ~

    # Variables
    #var, #varN, #Var, #addr, #arg, #class,
    #classsym, #coplabel, #exname, #extarg, #firstaddr,
    #flags, #flagval, #hyphseq, #label, #lastaddr, #name,
    #NAME, #next, #nextaddr, #noise, #private, #privval,
    #seq, #seqnum, #opt, #static, #sibaddr, #svaddr,
    #svclass, #svval, #targ, #targarg, #targarglife, #typenum

    Using B::Concise outside of the O framework

    Example: Altering Concise Renderings

    set_style()

    set_style_standard($name)

    add_style()

    add_callback()

    Running B::Concise::compile()

    B::Concise::reset_sequence()

    Errors

    AUTHOR

    B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -d, -fFILE, -l, -p, -P, -q, -sLETTERS, C,
    iNUMBER, T, vSTRING., -xLEVEL

    USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE

    Synopsis

    Description

    new

    ambient_pragmas
    strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits

    coderef2text

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    B::Lint - Perl lint

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
    context, implicit-read and implicit-write, bare-subs,
    dollar-underscore, private-names, undefined-subs,
    regexp-variables, all, none

    NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
    -u Package

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONVENTIONS

    IMPLEMENTATION

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    OPTIONS

    SEE ALSO

    TODO

    AUTHOR

    B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded

    B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPTIONS
    -oFILENAME, -r, -d, -D[tO]

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Functions
    find_leaders

    AUTHOR

    Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods
    new, debug, iters

    Standard Exports
    timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
    timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
    TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )

    Optional Exports
    clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
    STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
    disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )

    :hireswallclock

    NOTES

    EXAMPLES

    INHERITANCE

    CAVEATS

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    MODIFICATION HISTORY

    ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLE

    OPTIONS
    -b, -H, -k, -ooutfile, -s

    KNOWN BUGS

    NOTICE

    AUTHORS

    CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    PROGRAMMING STYLE

    CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES

    CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):

    CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE

    FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:

    FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:

    FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:

    SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:

    APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:

    IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:

    DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:

    DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:

    DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:

    FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:

    SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:

    RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS

    USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
    :cgi, :form, :html2, :html3, :html4, :netscape, :html,
    :standard, :all

    PRAGMAS
    -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
    -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
    -private_tempfiles

    SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
    1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
    </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
    a </ul> tag)

    GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS

    CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:

    GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER

    CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
    Parameters:, 4, 5, 6..

    ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:

    CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:

    OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
    -absolute, -relative, -full, -path (-path_info), -query
    (-query_string), -base

    MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS

    CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:

    PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS

    THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS

    HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION

    NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS

    AUTOESCAPING HTML
    $escaped_string = escapeHTML(``unescaped string'');, $charset =
    charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);

    PRETTY-PRINTING HTML

    CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:

    CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG

    STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
    application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data

    FORM ELEMENTS
    -name, -value, -values, -tabindex, -id, -override,
    -onChange, -onFocus, -onBlur, -onMouseOver, -onMouseOut,
    -onSelect

    CREATING A TEXT FIELD
    Parameters

    CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD

    CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD

    CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
    Parameters

    CREATING A POPUP MENU

    CREATING AN OPTION GROUP

    CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
    Parameters:

    CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
    Parameters:

    CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
    Parameters:

    CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
    Parameters:

    CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
    Parameters:

    CREATING A RESET BUTTON

    CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON

    CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
    Parameters:

    CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
    Parameters:, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
    type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE

    CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON

    HTTP COOKIES
    1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a ``secure'' flag,
    -name, -value, -path, -domain, -expires, -secure

    WORKING WITH FRAMES
    1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
    document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
    the <form> tag

    SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT
    onLoad, onUnload, onSubmit, onClick, onChange, onFocus,
    onBlur, onSelect, onMouseOver, onMouseOut

    LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS

    DEBUGGING

    DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS

    FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
    Accept(), raw_cookie(), user_agent(), path_info(),
    path_translated(), remote_host(), script_name() Return the script
    name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, referer(), auth_type
    ()>, server_name (), virtual_host (), server_port (),
    virtual_port (), server_software (), remote_user (), user_name
    ()>, request_method(), content_type(), http(), https()

    USING NPH SCRIPTS
    In the use statement, By calling the nph() method:, By using -nph
    parameters

    Server Push
    multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()

    Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
    $CGI::POST_MAX, $CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS, 1. On a script-by-script
    basis>, 2. Globally for all scripts

    COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    CREDITS
    Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
    (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
    (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
    (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
    (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
    (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
    (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
    MacKenzie? (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
    (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
    Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
    MacEachern? (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
    ...and many many more..

    A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Carp, CGI::Carp - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or

    other) error log

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES

    MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW

    Changing the default message

    MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS

    OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USING CGI::Cookie
    1. expiration date, 2. domain, 3. path, 4. secure flag

    Creating New Cookies

    Sending the Cookie to the Browser

    Recovering Previous Cookies

    Manipulating Cookies
    name(), value(), domain(), path(), expires()

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE

    WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS

    INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS

    USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS

    EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
    FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE

    CAVEATS

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Tags that won't be formatted

    Customizing the Indenting

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USING CGI::Push
    -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph

    Heterogeneous Pages

    Changing the Page Delay on the Fly

    INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR INFORMATION

    SEE ALSO

    CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites

    SYNOPSIS

    STATUS

    DESCRIPTION

    Interactive Mode
    Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
    install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
    distribution, ls author, Signals

    CPAN::Shell

    autobundle

    recompile

    The four CPAN::* Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution

    Programmer's interface
    expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples

    Methods in the other Classes
    CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
    CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
    CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
    CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
    CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
    CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
    CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
    CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
    CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
    CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
    CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
    CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
    CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
    CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
    CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
    CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
    CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
    CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
    CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
    CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
    CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
    CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
    CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
    CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
    CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
    CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()

    Cache Manager

    Bundles

    Prerequisites

    Finding packages and VERSION

    Debugging

    Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode

    CONFIGURATION
    o conf <scalar option>, o conf <scalar option>
    <value>>, o conf <list option>, o conf <list
    option> [shift|pop]>, o conf <list option>
    [unshift|push|splice] <list>>

    Note on urllist parameter's format

    urllist parameter has CD-ROM support

    SECURITY

    EXPORT

    POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES

    WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS

    Three basic types of firewalls
    http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade

    Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall

    FAQ
    1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    TRANSLATIONS

    SEE ALSO

    CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS

    module

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Forcing a Stack Trace

    GLOBAL VARIABLES

    $Carp::CarpLevel

    $Carp::MaxEvalLen

    $Carp::MaxArgLen

    $Carp::MaxArgNums

    $Carp::Verbose

    BUGS

    Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside

    Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    FUNCTIONS
    the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
    Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
    Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)

    CAUTIONARY NOTES

    COPYRIGHT

    AUTHOR

    Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The struct() function

    Class Creation at Compile Time

    Element Types and Accessor Methods
    Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or
    '*%'), Class ('Class_Name' or '*Class_Name')

    Initializing with new

    EXAMPLES
    Example 1, Example 2, Example 3

    Author and Modification History

    Config - access Perl configuration information

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)

    EXAMPLE

    WARNING

    GLOSSARY

    _
    _a, _exe, _o

    a
    afs, afsroot, alignbytes, ansi2knr, aphostname,
    api_revision, api_subversion, api_version, api_versionstring,
    ar, archlib, archlibexp, archname64, archname, archobjs,
    asctime_r_proto, awk

    b
    baserev, bash, bin, binexp, bison, byacc, byteorder

    c
    c, castflags, cat, cc, cccdlflags, ccdlflags, ccflags,
    ccflags_uselargefiles, ccname, ccsymbols, ccversion, cf_by,
    cf_email, cf_time, charsize, chgrp, chmod, chown,
    clocktype, comm, compress, contains, cp, cpio, cpp,
    cpp_stuff, cppccsymbols, cppflags, cpplast, cppminus,
    cpprun, cppstdin, cppsymbols, crypt_r_proto, cryptlib,
    csh, ctermid_r_proto, ctime_r_proto

    d
    d__fwalk, d_access, d_accessx, d_aintl, d_alarm,
    d_archlib, d_asctime_r, d_atolf, d_atoll, d_attribut,
    d_bcmp, d_bcopy, d_bsd, d_bsdgetpgrp, d_bsdsetpgrp,
    d_bzero, d_casti32, d_castneg, d_charvspr, d_chown,
    d_chroot, d_chsize, d_class, d_closedir, d_cmsghdr_s,
    d_const, d_copysignl, d_crypt, d_crypt_r, d_csh,
    d_ctermid_r, d_ctime_r, d_cuserid, d_dbl_dig,
    d_dbminitproto, d_difftime, d_dirfd, d_dirnamlen, d_dlerror,
    d_dlopen, d_dlsymun, d_dosuid, d_drand48_r, d_drand48proto,
    d_dup2, d_eaccess, d_endgrent, d_endgrent_r, d_endhent,
    d_endhostent_r, d_endnent, d_endnetent_r, d_endpent,
    d_endprotoent_r, d_endpwent, d_endpwent_r, d_endsent,
    d_endservent_r, d_eofnblk, d_eunice, d_faststdio, d_fchdir,
    d_fchmod, d_fchown, d_fcntl, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fd_macros,
    d_fd_set, d_fds_bits, d_fgetpos, d_finite, d_finitel,
    d_flexfnam, d_flock, d_flockproto, d_fork, d_fp_class,
    d_fpathconf, d_fpclass, d_fpclassify, d_fpclassl,
    d_fpos64_t, d_frexpl, d_fs_data_s, d_fseeko, d_fsetpos,
    d_fstatfs, d_fstatvfs, d_fsync, d_ftello, d_ftime,
    d_Gconvert, d_getcwd, d_getespwnam, d_getfsstat, d_getgrent,
    d_getgrent_r, d_getgrgid_r, d_getgrnam_r, d_getgrps,
    d_gethbyaddr, d_gethbyname, d_gethent, d_gethname,
    d_gethostbyaddr_r, d_gethostbyname_r, d_gethostent_r,
    d_gethostprotos, d_getitimer, d_getlogin, d_getlogin_r,
    d_getmnt, d_getmntent, d_getnbyaddr, d_getnbyname,
    d_getnent, d_getnetbyaddr_r, d_getnetbyname_r, d_getnetent_r,
    d_getnetprotos, d_getpagsz, d_getpbyname, d_getpbynumber,
    d_getpent, d_getpgid, d_getpgrp2, d_getpgrp, d_getppid,
    d_getprior, d_getprotobyname_r, d_getprotobynumber_r,
    d_getprotoent_r, d_getprotoprotos, d_getprpwnam, d_getpwent,
    d_getpwent_r, d_getpwnam_r, d_getpwuid_r, d_getsbyname,
    d_getsbyport, d_getsent, d_getservbyname_r, d_getservbyport_r,
    d_getservent_r, d_getservprotos, d_getspnam, d_getspnam_r,
    d_gettimeod, d_gmtime_r, d_gnulibc, d_grpasswd, d_hasmntopt,
    d_htonl, d_ilogbl, d_index, d_inetaton, d_int64_t,
    d_isascii, d_isfinite, d_isinf, d_isnan, d_isnanl,
    d_killpg, d_lchown, d_ldbl_dig, d_link, d_localtime_r,
    d_locconv, d_lockf, d_longdbl, d_longlong, d_lseekproto,
    d_lstat, d_madvise, d_mblen, d_mbstowcs, d_mbtowc,
    d_memchr, d_memcmp, d_memcpy, d_memmove, d_memset,
    d_mkdir, d_mkdtemp, d_mkfifo, d_mkstemp, d_mkstemps,
    d_mktime, d_mmap, d_modfl, d_modfl_pow32_bug, d_modflproto,
    d_mprotect, d_msg, d_msg_ctrunc, d_msg_dontroute, d_msg_oob,
    d_msg_peek, d_msg_proxy, d_msgctl, d_msgget, d_msghdr_s,
    d_msgrcv, d_msgsnd, d_msync, d_munmap, d_mymalloc,
    d_nanosleep, d_nice, d_nl_langinfo, d_nv_preserves_uv,
    d_off64_t, d_old_pthread_create_joinable, d_oldpthreads,
    d_oldsock, d_open3, d_pathconf, d_pause,
    d_perl_otherlibdirs, d_phostname, d_pipe, d_poll,
    d_portable, d_PRId64, d_PRIeldbl, d_PRIEUldbl, d_PRIfldbl,
    d_PRIFUldbl, d_PRIgldbl, d_PRIGUldbl, d_PRIi64, d_PRIo64,
    d_PRIu64, d_PRIx64, d_PRIXU64, d_procselfexe,
    d_pthread_atfork, d_pthread_attr_setscope, d_pthread_yield,
    d_pwage, d_pwchange, d_pwclass, d_pwcomment, d_pwexpire,
    d_pwgecos, d_pwpasswd, d_pwquota, d_qgcvt, d_quad,
    d_random_r, d_readdir64_r, d_readdir, d_readdir_r,
    d_readlink, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_rename, d_rewinddir,
    d_rmdir, d_safebcpy, d_safemcpy, d_sanemcmp, d_sbrkproto,
    d_scalbnl, d_sched_yield, d_scm_rights, d_SCNfldbl,
    d_seekdir, d_select, d_sem, d_semctl, d_semctl_semid_ds,
    d_semctl_semun, d_semget, d_semop, d_sendmsg, d_setegid,
    d_seteuid, d_setgrent, d_setgrent_r, d_setgrps, d_sethent,
    d_sethostent_r, d_setitimer, d_setlinebuf, d_setlocale,
    d_setlocale_r, d_setnent, d_setnetent_r, d_setpent,
    d_setpgid, d_setpgrp2, d_setpgrp, d_setprior,
    d_setproctitle, d_setprotoent_r, d_setpwent, d_setpwent_r,
    d_setregid, d_setresgid, d_setresuid, d_setreuid, d_setrgid,
    d_setruid, d_setsent, d_setservent_r, d_setsid, d_setvbuf,
    d_sfio, d_shm, d_shmat, d_shmatprototype, d_shmctl,
    d_shmdt, d_shmget, d_sigaction, d_sigprocmask, d_sigsetjmp,
    d_sockatmark, d_sockatmarkproto, d_socket, d_socklen_t,
    d_sockpair, d_socks5_init, d_sqrtl, d_srand48_r,
    d_srandom_r, d_sresgproto, d_sresuproto, d_statblks,
    d_statfs_f_flags, d_statfs_s, d_statvfs, d_stdio_cnt_lval,
    d_stdio_ptr_lval, d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt,
    d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt, d_stdio_stream_array, d_stdiobase,
    d_stdstdio, d_strchr, d_strcoll, d_strctcpy, d_strerrm,
    d_strerror, d_strerror_r, d_strftime, d_strlcat, d_strlcpy,
    d_strtod, d_strtol, d_strtold, d_strtoll, d_strtoq,
    d_strtoul, d_strtoull, d_strtouq, d_strxfrm, d_suidsafe,
    d_symlink, d_syscall, d_syscallproto, d_sysconf,
    d_sysernlst, d_syserrlst, d_system, d_tcgetpgrp,
    d_tcsetpgrp, d_telldir, d_telldirproto, d_time, d_times,
    d_tm_tm_gmtoff, d_tm_tm_zone, d_tmpnam_r, d_truncate,
    d_ttyname_r, d_tzname, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_umask,
    d_uname, d_union_semun, d_unordered, d_usleep,
    d_usleepproto, d_ustat, d_vendorarch, d_vendorbin,
    d_vendorlib, d_vendorscript, d_vfork, d_void_closedir,
    d_voidsig, d_voidtty, d_volatile, d_vprintf, d_wait4,
    d_waitpid, d_wcstombs, d_wctomb, d_writev, d_xenix, date,
    db_hashtype, db_prefixtype, db_version_major, db_version_minor,
    db_version_patch, defvoidused, direntrytype, dlext, dlsrc,
    doublesize, drand01, drand48_r_proto, dynamic_ext

    e
    eagain, ebcdic, echo, egrep, emacs, endgrent_r_proto,
    endhostent_r_proto, endnetent_r_proto, endprotoent_r_proto,
    endpwent_r_proto, endservent_r_proto, eunicefix, exe_ext,
    expr, extensions, extras

    f
    fflushall, fflushNULL, find, firstmakefile, flex,
    fpossize, fpostype, freetype, from, full_ar, full_csh,
    full_sed

    g
    gccansipedantic, gccosandvers, gccversion, getgrent_r_proto,
    getgrgid_r_proto, getgrnam_r_proto, gethostbyaddr_r_proto,
    gethostbyname_r_proto, gethostent_r_proto, getlogin_r_proto,
    getnetbyaddr_r_proto, getnetbyname_r_proto, getnetent_r_proto,
    getprotobyname_r_proto, getprotobynumber_r_proto,
    getprotoent_r_proto, getpwent_r_proto, getpwnam_r_proto,
    getpwuid_r_proto, getservbyname_r_proto, getservbyport_r_proto,
    getservent_r_proto, getspnam_r_proto, gidformat, gidsign,
    gidsize, gidtype, glibpth, gmake, gmtime_r_proto,
    gnulibc_version, grep, groupcat, groupstype, gzip

    h
    h_fcntl, h_sysfile, hint, hostcat, html1dir, html1direxp,
    html3dir, html3direxp

    i
    i16size, i16type, i32size, i32type, i64size, i64type,
    i8size, i8type, i_arpainet, i_bsdioctl, i_crypt, i_db,
    i_dbm, i_dirent, i_dld, i_dlfcn, i_fcntl, i_float,
    i_fp, i_fp_class, i_gdbm, i_grp, i_ieeefp, i_inttypes,
    i_langinfo, i_libutil, i_limits, i_locale, i_machcthr,
    i_malloc, i_math, i_memory, i_mntent, i_ndbm, i_netdb,
    i_neterrno, i_netinettcp, i_niin, i_poll, i_prot,
    i_pthread, i_pwd, i_rpcsvcdbm, i_sfio, i_sgtty, i_shadow,
    i_socks, i_stdarg, i_stddef, i_stdlib, i_string,
    i_sunmath, i_sysaccess, i_sysdir, i_sysfile, i_sysfilio,
    i_sysin, i_sysioctl, i_syslog, i_sysmman, i_sysmode,
    i_sysmount, i_sysndir, i_sysparam, i_sysresrc, i_syssecrt,
    i_sysselct, i_syssockio, i_sysstat, i_sysstatfs,
    i_sysstatvfs, i_systime, i_systimek, i_systimes, i_systypes,
    i_sysuio, i_sysun, i_sysutsname, i_sysvfs, i_syswait,
    i_termio, i_termios, i_time, i_unistd, i_ustat, i_utime,
    i_values, i_varargs, i_varhdr, i_vfork,
    ignore_versioned_solibs, inc_version_list, inc_version_list_init,
    incpath, inews, installarchlib, installbin, installhtml1dir,
    installhtml3dir, installman1dir, installman3dir, installprefix,
    installprefixexp, installprivlib, installscript,
    installsitearch, installsitebin, installsitehtml1dir,
    installsitehtml3dir, installsitelib, installsiteman1dir,
    installsiteman3dir, installsitescript, installstyle,
    installusrbinperl, installvendorarch, installvendorbin,
    installvendorhtml1dir, installvendorhtml3dir, installvendorlib,
    installvendorman1dir, installvendorman3dir, installvendorscript,
    intsize, issymlink, ivdformat, ivsize, ivtype

    k
    known_extensions, ksh

    l
    ld, lddlflags, ldflags, ldflags_uselargefiles, ldlibpthname,
    less, lib_ext, libc, libperl, libpth, libs, libsdirs,
    libsfiles, libsfound, libspath, libswanted,
    libswanted_uselargefiles, line, lint, lkflags, ln, lns,
    localtime_r_proto, locincpth, loclibpth, longdblsize,
    longlongsize, longsize, lp, lpr, ls, lseeksize,
    lseektype

    m
    mail, mailx, make, make_set_make, mallocobj, mallocsrc,
    malloctype, man1dir, man1direxp, man1ext, man3dir,
    man3direxp, man3ext

    M
    Mcc, mips_type, mistrustnm, mkdir, mmaptype, modetype,
    more, multiarch, mv, myarchname, mydomain, myhostname,
    myuname

    n
    n, need_va_copy, netdb_hlen_type, netdb_host_type,
    netdb_name_type, netdb_net_type, nm, nm_opt, nm_so_opt,
    nonxs_ext, nroff, nv_preserves_uv_bits, nveformat,
    nvEUformat, nvfformat, nvFUformat, nvgformat, nvGUformat,
    nvsize, nvtype

    o
    o_nonblock, obj_ext, old_pthread_create_joinable, optimize,
    orderlib, osname, osvers, otherlibdirs

    p
    package, pager, passcat, patchlevel, path_sep, perl5,
    perl, perl_patchlevel

    P
    PERL_REVISION, PERL_SUBVERSION, PERL_VERSION, perladmin,
    perllibs, perlpath, pg, phostname, pidtype, plibpth,
    pmake, pr, prefix, prefixexp, privlib, privlibexp,
    procselfexe, prototype, ptrsize

    q
    quadkind, quadtype

    r
    randbits, randfunc, random_r_proto, randseedtype, ranlib,
    rd_nodata, readdir64_r_proto, readdir_r_proto, revision, rm,
    rmail, run, runnm

    s
    sched_yield, scriptdir, scriptdirexp, sed, seedfunc,
    selectminbits, selecttype, sendmail, setgrent_r_proto,
    sethostent_r_proto, setlocale_r_proto, setnetent_r_proto,
    setprotoent_r_proto, setpwent_r_proto, setservent_r_proto, sh,
    shar, sharpbang, shmattype, shortsize, shrpenv, shsharp,
    sig_count, sig_name, sig_name_init, sig_num, sig_num_init,
    sig_size, signal_t, sitearch, sitearchexp, sitebin,
    sitebinexp, sitehtml1dir, sitehtml1direxp, sitehtml3dir,
    sitehtml3direxp, sitelib, sitelib_stem, sitelibexp,
    siteman1dir, siteman1direxp, siteman3dir, siteman3direxp,
    siteprefix, siteprefixexp, sitescript, sitescriptexp,
    sizesize, sizetype, sleep, smail, so, sockethdr,
    socketlib, socksizetype, sort, spackage, spitshell,
    sPRId64, sPRIeldbl, sPRIEUldbl, sPRIfldbl, sPRIFUldbl,
    sPRIgldbl, sPRIGUldbl, sPRIi64, sPRIo64, sPRIu64,
    sPRIx64, sPRIXU64, srand48_r_proto, srandom_r_proto, src,
    sSCNfldbl, ssizetype, startperl, startsh, static_ext,
    stdchar, stdio_base, stdio_bufsiz, stdio_cnt, stdio_filbuf,
    stdio_ptr, stdio_stream_array, strerror_r_proto, strings,
    submit, subversion, sysman

    t
    tail, tar, targetarch, tbl, tee, test, timeincl,
    timetype, tmpnam_r_proto, to, touch, tr, trnl, troff,
    ttyname_r_proto

    u
    u16size, u16type, u32size, u32type, u64size, u64type,
    u8size, u8type, uidformat, uidsign, uidsize, uidtype,
    uname, uniq, uquadtype, use5005threads, use64bitall,
    use64bitint, usecrosscompile, usedl, usefaststdio,
    useithreads, uselargefiles, uselongdouble, usemallocwrap,
    usemorebits, usemultiplicity, usemymalloc, usenm, useopcode,
    useperlio, useposix, usereentrant, usesfio, useshrplib,
    usesocks, usethreads, usevendorprefix, usevfork, usrinc,
    uuname, uvoformat, uvsize, uvtype, uvuformat, uvxformat,
    uvXUformat

    v
    vendorarch, vendorarchexp, vendorbin, vendorbinexp,
    vendorhtml1dir, vendorhtml1direxp, vendorhtml3dir,
    vendorhtml3direxp, vendorlib, vendorlib_stem, vendorlibexp,
    vendorman1dir, vendorman1direxp, vendorman3dir,
    vendorman3direxp, vendorprefix, vendorprefixexp, vendorscript,
    vendorscriptexp, version, version_patchlevel_string,
    versiononly, vi, voidflags

    x
    xlibpth

    y
    yacc, yaccflags

    z
    zcat, zip

    NOTE

    Cwd - get pathname of current working directory

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    getcwd and friends
    getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd

    abs_path and friends
    abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path

    $ENV{PWD}

    NOTES

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,

    subject to change)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Global Variables
     $DB::sub,  %DB::sub,  $DB::single,  $DB::signal,  $DB::trace,  @DB::args,
    @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
    $DB::lineno

    API Methods
    CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
    CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()

    Client Callback Methods
    CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
    CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
    CLIENT->output(LIST)

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    What is a DBM Filter?

    So what's new?

    METHODS

    $db->Filter_Push()

    $db->Filter_Key_Push()

    $db->Filter_Value_Push()
    Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push

    $db->Filter_Pop()

    $db->Filtered()

    Writing a Filter

    Immediate Filters

    Canned Filters
    ``name'', params

    Filters Included
    utf8, encode, compress, int32, null

    NOTES

    Maintain Round Trip Integrity

    Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.

    EXAMPLE

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO

    Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater

    Interface to Berkeley DB

    Opening a Berkeley DB Database File

    Default Parameters

    In Memory Databases

    DB_HASH

    A Simple Example

    DB_BTREE

    Changing the BTREE sort order

    Handling Duplicate Keys

    The get_dup() Method

    The find_dup() Method

    The del_dup() Method

    Matching Partial Keys

    DB_RECNO

    The 'bval' Option

    A Simple Example

    Extra RECNO Methods
    $X->push(list) ;, $value = $X->pop ;, $X->shift,
    $X->unshift(list) ;, $X->length, $X->splice(offset,
    length, elements);>

    Another Example

    THE API INTERFACE
    $status = $X->get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;, $status =
    $X->put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, $status = $X->del($key [,
    $flags]) ;>, $status = $X->fd ;, $status = $X->seq($key,
    $value, $flags) ;>, $status = $X->sync([$flags]) ;

    DBM FILTERS
    filter_store_key, filter_store_value, filter_fetch_key,
    filter_fetch_value

    The Filter

    An Example -- the NULL termination problem.

    Another Example -- Key is a C int.

    HINTS AND TIPS

    Locking: The Trouble with fd

    Safe ways to lock a database
    Tie::DB_Lock, Tie::DB_LockFile, DB_File::Lock

    Sharing Databases With C Applications

    The untie() Gotcha

    COMMON QUESTIONS

    Why is there Perl source in my database?

    How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?

    What does ``Invalid Argument'' mean?

    What does ``Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed'' mean?

    REFERENCES

    HISTORY

    BUGS

    AVAILABILITY

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both

    printing and eval

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods
    PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or
    PACKAGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]),
    $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]),
    $OBJ->Reset

    Functions
    Dumper(LIST)

    Configuration Variables or Methods

    Exports
    Dumper

    EXAMPLES

    BUGS

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

    VERSION

    SEE ALSO

    Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    PROFILE FORMAT

    AUTOLOAD

    ENVIRONMENT

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Why use ppport.h?
    You should use ppport.h in modern code so that your code will work
    with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, without significant
    additional work.

    How to use ppport.h

    Running ppport.h

    FUNCTIONS

    WriteFile

    COMPATIBILITY

    Provided Perl compatibility API

    Perl API not supported by ppport.h
    perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0,
    perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03,
    perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004_04, perl 5.004

    BUGS

    AUTHORS

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Runtime debugging

    Memory footprint debugging

    EXAMPLES

    A simple scalar string

    A simple scalar number

    A simple scalar with an extra reference

    A reference to a simple scalar

    A reference to an array

    A reference to a hash

    Dumping a large array or hash

    A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer

    A reference to a subroutine

    EXPORTS

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading? module

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Digest - Modules that calculate message digests

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    binary, hex, base64

    OO INTERFACE
    $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
    Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
    $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
    $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
    $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest

    Digest speed

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    FUNCTIONS
    md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)

    METHODS
    $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
    $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
    $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest

    EXAMPLES

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT

    AUTHORS

    Digest::base - Digest base class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    Digest::file - Calculate digests of files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex( $file,
    $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...]
    )

    SEE ALSO

    DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTES

    Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Creation
    arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact, globPrint,
    dumpDBFiles, dumpPackages, dumpReused, tick, quoteHighBit,
    printUndef, usageOnly, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
    stopDbSignal

    Methods
    dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
    compactDump, veryCompact, set, get

    DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
    @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
    dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
    dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
    dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()

    AUTHOR

    DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into

    Perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Migration from DynaLoader

    Backward compatible boilerplate

    Order of initialization: early load()

    The most hairy case

    LIMITATIONS

    AUTHOR

    Encode - character encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    Table of Contents

    DESCRIPTION

    TERMINOLOGY

    PERL ENCODING API
    $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
    $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
    CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
    CHECK]);

    Listing available encodings

    Defining Aliases

    Encoding via PerlIO?

    Handling Malformed Data
    NOTE: Not all encoding suppport this feature, CHECK =
    Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( = 0), CHECK = Encode::FB_CROAK ( = 1), CHECK =
    Encode::FB_QUIET, CHECK = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (CHECK =
    Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML
    charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask

    Unimplemented fallback schemes

    Defining Encodings

    The UTF-8 flag
    Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:

    Messing with Perl's Internals
    is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)

    UTF-8 vs. utf8

    SEE ALSO

    MAINTAINER

    Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
    reference, e.g.:

    Alias overloading

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*

    Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTES

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN

    Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode

    Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods you should implement
    ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]),
    ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])

    Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
    ->name, ->renew, ->renewed, ->perlio_ok(),
    ->needs_lines()

    Example: Encode::ROT13

    Why the heck Encode API is different?

    Compiled Encodings

    SEE ALSO
    Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes

    Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION
    Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
    Encode::decode(``Guess'' ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
    guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects])

    CAVEATS

    TO DO

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*

    Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP

    Encode::KR - Korean Encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR

    Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO?

    Overview

    How does it work?

    Line Buffering

    How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO? ?

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode

    DESCRIPTION

    Encoding Names

    Supported Encodings

    Built-in Encodings

    Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings

    Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
    ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
    the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1

    CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
    Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
    Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
    Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN

    Miscellaneous encodings
    Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess

    Unsupported encodings
      ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
    Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
    System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
    Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings

    Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology

    Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)

    Microsoft-related naming mess
    KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS

    Glossary
    character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
    (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
    UTF-16

    See Also

    References
    ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq ISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
    RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary

    Other Notable Sites
    czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
    ``Introduction to i18n''

    Offline sources
    CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde

    Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTES

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT
    http://www.unicode.org/glossary/ says:, Quick Reference

    Size, Endianness, and BOM

    by size

    by endianness
    BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order

    Surrogate Pairs

    Error Checking

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    In Practice

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to

    encodings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
    reference, e.g.:

    Alias overloading

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --

    Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*

    Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by

    Encode::CN

    Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by

    Encode

    Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode

    Implementation Base Class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods you should implement
    ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]),
    ->cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])

    Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
    ->name, ->renew, ->renewed, ->perlio_ok(),
    ->needs_lines()

    Example: Encode::ROT13

    Why the heck Encode API is different?

    Compiled Encodings

    SEE ALSO
    Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes

    Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from

    data

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION
    Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
    Encode::decode(``Guess'' ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
    guess_encoding($data, [, list of suspects])

    CAVEATS

    TO DO

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by

    Encode::JP::2022_JP*

    Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used

    by Encode::JP

    Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally

    used by Encode::KR

    Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'

    and 'Q' header encoding

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document

    on Encode and PerlIO?

    Overview

    How does it work?

    Line Buffering

    How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO? ?

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings

    supported by Encode

    DESCRIPTION

    Encoding Names

    Supported Encodings

    Built-in Encodings

    Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings

    Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
    ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
    the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1

    CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
    Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
    Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
    Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN

    Miscellaneous encodings
    Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess

    Unsupported encodings
      ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
    Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
    System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
    Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings

    Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology

    Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)

    Microsoft-related naming mess
    KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS

    Glossary
    character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
    (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
    UTF-16

    See Also

    References
    ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq ISO-2022), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
    RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary

    Other Notable Sites
    czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
    ``Introduction to i18n''

    Offline sources
    CJKV Information Processing by Ken Lunde

    Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7

    encoding

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    In Practice

    SEE ALSO

    Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    Description

    Predefined Methods
    $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
    $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]),
    $e->bytes([$encoding])

    Example: base64 transcoder

    Operator Overloading

    SEE ALSO

    Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in

    non-ascii or non-utf8

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    Literal Conversions

    PerlIO layers for STD(IN|OUT)

    Implicit upgrading for byte strings

    FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
    ``NON-EUC'' doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle

    USAGE
    use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN =>
    ENCNAME_IN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding;

    The Filter Option

    Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87

    CAVEATS

    NOT SCOPED

    DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS

    tr/// with ranges
    Legend of characters above

    EXAMPLE - Greekperl

    KNOWN PROBLEMS
    literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format

    The Logic of :locale

    HISTORY

    SEE ALSO

    Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder

    SYNOPSIS

    ABSTRACT

    Description

    Predefined Methods
    $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
    $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]),
    $e->bytes([$encoding])

    Example: base64 transcoder

    Operator Overloading

    SEE ALSO

    English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation

    variables

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    PERFORMANCE

    Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or

    arrays

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    LIMITATIONS

    AUTHOR

    Errno - System errno constants

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CAVEATS

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Exporter - Implements default import method for modules

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    How to Export

    Selecting What To Export

    How to Import
    use ModuleName? ;, use ModuleName? ();, use ModuleName? qw(...);

    Advanced features

    Specialised Import Lists

    Exporting without using Exporter's import method

    Exporting without inheriting from Exporter

    Module Version Checking

    Managing Unknown Symbols

    Tag Handling Utility Functions

    Generating combined tags

    AUTOLOADed Constants

    Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in

    Makefiles etc.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    cat eqtime src dst rm_rf files... rm_f files... touch files .. mv source... destination cp source... destination chmod mode files.. mkpath directory.. test_f file

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    test_harness
    pod2man warn_if_old_packlist perllocal_install uninstall

    ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USAGE
    IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF

    FUNCTIONS
    constant_types XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER WriteMakefileSnippet? WriteConstants? ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils? ::Constant objects

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USAGE
    header memEQ_clause args_hashref dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM.. assign arg_hashref, VALUE.. return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM.. params WHAT dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM.. C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils? ::Constant

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USAGE
    C_stringify NAME
    perl_stringify NAME

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils? ::Constant::Base - base class for

    ExtUtils? ::Constant objects

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    @EXPORT

    FUNCTIONS
    xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
    ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)

    EXAMPLES

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Functions
    install
    install_default DISCOURAGED uninstall pm_to_blib _autosplit

    ENVIRONMENT
    PERL_INSTALL_ROOT

    AUTHOR

    LICENSE

    ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USAGE

    FUNCTIONS
    new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
    packlist(), version()

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
    dynamic extensions at load time

    EXTRALIBS

    LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH

    BSLOADLIBS

    PORTABILITY

    VMS implementation

    Win32 implementation

    SEE ALSO

    ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker subclass

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
    installvars
    os_flavor_is

    File::Spec wrappers
    catfile

    Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
    split_command
    echo init_VERSION wraplist manifypods manifypods_target makemakerdflt_target special_targets POD2MAN? _macro test_via_harness test_via_script libscan tool_autosplit all_target metafile_target metafile_addtomanifest_target

    Abstract methods
    oneliner, quote_literal, escape_newlines, max_exec_len,
    init_others, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
    platform_constants
    os_flavor

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    os_flavor (o) init_linker

    ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    os_flavor (o)
    cflags (o) replace_manpage_separator (o) init_linker

    ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils? ::MM_Unix

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Overridden methods
    os_flavor
    replace_manpage_separator

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    maybe_command guess_name macify patternify init_main init_others init_platform, platform_constants init_dirscan init_VERSION (o) special_targets (o) static (o) dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) clean (o) clean_subdirs_target realclean (o) realclean_subdirs_target rulez (o) processPL (o) os_flavor

    ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    os_flavor init_platform (o), platform_constants const_cccmd (o) static_lib (o) dynamic_lib (o)

    ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    init_dist (o)
    init_linker os_flavor

    ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils? ::MM_Unix

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Overridden methods
    os_flavor
    replace_manpage_separator

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS

    Methods
    os_flavor (o)
    c_o (o) cflags (o) clean (o) clean_subdirs_target const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) const_loadlibs (o) constants (o) depend (o) dir_target (o) init_DEST init_dist dist (o) dist_basics (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) dist_target tardist_target zipdist_target tarfile_target zipfile_target uutardist_target shdist_target distdir dist_test dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) exescan extliblist find_perl find_tests

    Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
    fixin
    force (o) guess_name has_link_code init_dirscan init_DIRFILESEP init_main init_others init_INST init_INSTALL init_linker init_lib2arch init_PERL init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) init_PERM init_xs install (o) installbin (o) linkext (o) lsdir macro (o) makeaperl (o) makefile (o) maybe_command needs_linking (o) nicetext parse_abstract parse_version pasthru (o) perl_script perldepend (o) perm_rw (o) perm_rwx (o) pm_to_blib post_constants (o) post_initialize (o) postamble (o) ppd prefixify processPL (o) quote_paren realclean (o) realclean_subdirs_target replace_manpage_separator oneliner (o) quote_literal escape_newlines max_exec_len static (o) static_lib (o) staticmake (o) subdir_x (o) subdirs (o) test (o) test_via_harness (override) test_via_script (override) tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) all_target top_targets (o) writedoc xs_c (o) xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o)

    SEE ALSO

    ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Methods always loaded
    wraplist

    Methods
    guess_name (override)
    find_perl (override) maybe_command (override) perl_script (override) replace_manpage_separator init_DEST init_DIRFILESEP init_main (override) init_others (override) init_platform (override) platform_constants init_VERSION (override) constants (override) special_targets cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) tool_sxubpp (override) tools_other (override) init_dist (override) c_o (override) xs_c (override) xs_o (override) dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) processPL (override) installbin (override) subdir_x (override) clean (override) clean_subdirs_target realclean (override) zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o) dist_test (override) install (override) perldepend (override) makefile (override) find_tests (override) test (override) makeaperl (override) nicetext (override) prefixify (override) oneliner (o) echo (o) quote_literal escape_newlines max_exec_len init_linker (o) eliminate_macros fixpath os_flavor

    ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in

    ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Overridden methods
    dlsyms
    replace_manpage_separator maybe_command find_tests init_DIRFILESEP init_others init_platform (o), platform_constants (o) special_targets (o) static_lib (o) dynamic_lib (o) clean init_linker perl_script xs_o (o) pasthru (o) oneliner (o) max_exec_len os_flavor

    ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker? for Win9X?

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Overriden methods
    dist_test
    subdir_x xs_c xs_cpp xs_o clean_subdirs_target realclean_subdirs_target os_flavor

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils? ::MakeMaker subclass for customization

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    How To Write A Makefile.PL

    Default Makefile Behaviour

    make test

    make testdb

    make install

    PREFIX and LIB attribute

    AFS users

    Static Linking of a new Perl Binary

    Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations

    Which architecture dependent directory?

    Using Attributes and Parameters
    ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
    CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
    EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
    FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
    INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR? , INSTALLMAN3DIR? , INSTALLPRIVLIB,
    INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
    INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR? , INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR? , INSTALLVENDORARCH,
    INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR? ,
    INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR? , INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
    INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
    LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS? , MAN3PODS? , MAP_TARGET,
    MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
    OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
    PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
    PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
    PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
    PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
    VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION

    Additional lowercase attributes
    clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
    test, tool_autosplit

    Overriding MakeMaker? Methods

    The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
    <MAN3PODS = ' '>>

    Hintsfile support

    Distribution Support
       make distcheck,    make skipcheck,    make distclean,    make manifest,
      make distdir,   make disttest,    make tardist,    make dist,    make
    uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci

    Module Meta-Data

    Disabling an extension

    Other Handy Functions
    prompt

    ENVIRONMENT
    PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    LICENSE

    ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About

    MakeMaker?

    DESCRIPTION

    Philosophy and History
    Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's
    Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker? ?, pure perl. no make, no
    shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft

    Module Writing
    How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
    this META.yml thing and how did it get in my MANIFEST?!

    XS
    How to I prevent ``object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
    Y.YY`` errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
    directory?

    PATCHING

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker?

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The Mantra

    The Layout
    Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
    bin/

    SEE ALSO

    ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version agnostic bytes.pm

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Functions
    mkmanifest
    manifind manicheck filecheck fullcheck skipcheck maniread manicopy maniadd

    MANIFEST

    MANIFEST.SKIP

    EXPORT_OK

    GLOBAL VARIABLES

    DIAGNOSTICS
    Not in MANIFEST: file, Skipping file, No such file: file,
    MANIFEST: $!, Added to MANIFEST: file

    ENVIRONMENT
    PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic

    extension

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME

    AUTHOR

    REVISION

    ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USAGE

    FUNCTIONS
    new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

    ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    EXPORTED SYMBOLS

    File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse

    EXAMPLES
    basename, dirname

    File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AUTHOR

    HISTORY

    File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    RETURN

    AUTHOR

    File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Special behaviour if syscopy is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
    rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])

    RETURN

    NOTES

    AUTHOR

    File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTES

    EXPORTS (by request only)

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    HISTORY

    SEE ALSO

    File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    find, finddepth

    %options
    wanted, bydepth, preprocess, postprocess, follow,
    follow_fast, follow_skip, dangling_symlinks, no_chdir,
    untaint, untaint_pattern, untaint_skip

    The wanted function
    $File::Find::dir is the current directory name,, $_ is the current
    filename within that directory, $File::Find::name is the complete
    pathname to the file

    WARNINGS

    CAVEAT
    $dont_use_nlink, symlinks

    NOTES

    BUGS AND CAVEATS

    HISTORY

    File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    META CHARACTERS

    POSIX FLAGS
    GLOB_ERR, GLOB_LIMIT, GLOB_MARK, GLOB_NOCASE, GLOB_NOCHECK,
    GLOB_NOSORT, GLOB_BRACE, GLOB_NOMAGIC, GLOB_QUOTE,
    GLOB_TILDE, GLOB_CSH, GLOB_ALPHASORT

    DIAGNOSTICS
    GLOB_NOSPACE, GLOB_ABEND

    NOTES

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    File::Path - create or remove directory trees

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    DIAGNOSTICS

    AUTHORS

    File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
    no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
    splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    canonpath file_name_is_absolute tmpdir (override)

    COPYRIGHT

    File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    canonpath()

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Exports

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    canonpath
    catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir file_name_is_absolute path splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs

    AUTHORS

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    tmpdir, splitpath

    COPYRIGHT

    File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec

    modules

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    canonpath()
    catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir no_upwards case_tolerant file_name_is_absolute path join splitpath splitdir catpath() abs2rel rel2abs()

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    eliminate_macros
    fixpath

    Methods always loaded
    canonpath (override)
    catdir catfile curdir (override) devnull (override) rootdir (override) tmpdir (override) updir (override) case_tolerant (override) path (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) splitpath (override) splitdir (override) catpath (override) abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override)

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    devnull
    tmpdir catfile canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath

    Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely

    PORTABILITY

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
    new
    filename unlink_on_destroy DESTROY

    FUNCTIONS
    tempfile
    tempdir

    MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
    mkstemp
    mkstemps mkdtemp mktemp

    POSIX FUNCTIONS
    tmpnam
    tmpfile

    ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
    tempnam

    UTILITY FUNCTIONS
    unlink0
    cmpstat unlink1 cleanup

    PACKAGE VARIABLES
    safe_level, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
    TopSystemUID? $KEEP_ALL, $DEBUG

    WARNING

    Temporary files and NFS

    Forking

    BINMODE

    HISTORY

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    BUGS

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

    FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR

    CAVEATS

    BUGS

    FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines

    SEE ALSO

    Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    The Problem

    A Solution

    Disabling or changing <no> behaviour

    All-in-one interface

    Filtering only specific components of source code
    "code", "executable", "quotelike", "string", "regex",
    "all"

    Filtering only the code parts of source code
    Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
    into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the 'code'
    component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
    filters
    described in the previous section.

    Using Filter::Simple with an explicit import subroutine

    Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together

    How it works

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    use Filter::Util::Call

    import()

    filter() and anonymous sub
    $_, $status, filter_read and filter_read_exact, filter_del

    EXAMPLES

    Example 1: A simple filter.

    Example 2: Using the context

    Example 3: Using the context within the filter

    Example 4: Using filter_del

    Filter::Simple

    AUTHOR

    DATE

    FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXPORTABLE VARIABLES

    KNOWN ISSUES

    KNOWN BUGS

    AUTHORS

    COPYRIGHT

    GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    AVAILABILITY

    BUGS

    SEE ALSO

    Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Command Line Options, an Introduction

    Getting Started with Getopt::Long

    Simple options

    A little bit less simple options

    Mixing command line option with other arguments

    Options with values

    Options with multiple values

    Options with hash values

    User-defined subroutines to handle options

    Options with multiple names

    Case and abbreviations

    Summary of Option Specifications
    !, +, s, i, o, f, : type [ desttype ], : number [ desttype ], :
    + [ desttype ]

    Advanced Possibilities

    Object oriented interface

    Thread Safety

    Documentation and help texts

    Storing options in a hash

    Bundling

    The lonesome dash

    Argument callback

    Configuring Getopt::Long
    default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
    require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
    (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
    (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
    (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
    prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)

    Exportable Methods
    VersionMessage? , -message, -msg, -exitval, -output, HelpMessage?

    Return values and Errors

    Legacy

    Default destinations

    Alternative option starters

    Configuration variables

    Trouble Shooting

    GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
    supplied

    GetOptions does not split the command line correctly

    Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called

    How do I put a ``-?'' option into a Getopt::Long?

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

    Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches

    with switch clustering

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    --help and --version

    Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Restricted hashes
    lock_keys, unlock_keys
    lock_value, unlock_value lock_hash, unlock_hash hash_seed

    CAVEATS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current

    locale

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language

    tags

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    the function is_language_tag($lang1) the function extract_language_tags($whatever) the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2) the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2) the function super_languages($lang1) the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier) the function encode_language_tag($lang1) the function alternate_language_tags($lang1) the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages) the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )

    ABOUT LOWERCASING

    ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT

    AUTHOR

    I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    FUNCTIONS

    ENVIRONMENT

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT

    AUTHOR

    I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS

    LIST OF LANGUAGES
    {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
    Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
    Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
    {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
    {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
    {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
    : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
    Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
    Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
    : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
    Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
    : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
    Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
    Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
    (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
    {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
    Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
    Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
    (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
    American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
    {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
    : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
    Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
    Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
    {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
    : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
    Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
    Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
    Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
    Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
    {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
    {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
    : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
    English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
    (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
    Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
    : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
    Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
    (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
    Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
    {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
    {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
    German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
    : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
    Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
    Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
    {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
    Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
    {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
    {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
    (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
    (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
    Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
    Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
    languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
    Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
    {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
    Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
    : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
    {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
    {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
    {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
    Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
    {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
    Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
    Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
    Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
    (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
    : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
    {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
    {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
    Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
    Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
    Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
    [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
    Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
    Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
    {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
    languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
    {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
    {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
    Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
    {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
    Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
    Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
    : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
    Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
    languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
    Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
    Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
    (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
    : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
    {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
    Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
    [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
    Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
    languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
    Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
    [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
    Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
    {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
    {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
    Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
    Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
    (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
    {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
    Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
    South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
    Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
    {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
    Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
    {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
    Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
    Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
    {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
    {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
    Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
    : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
    Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
    {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
    Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
    : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
    : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
    Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
    Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
    : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
    {zun} : Zuni

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

    AUTHOR

    I18N::Langinfo - query locale information

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXPORT

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

    IO - load various IO modules

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    DEPRECATED

    IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
    rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

    METHODS
    open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
    [LAYER] )

    NOTE

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

    METHODS
    $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
    $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
    $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
    $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

    NOTE

    SEE ALSO

    BUGS

    HISTORY

    IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [READER, WRITER] )

    METHODS
    reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
    IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
    WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
    $io->tell

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ HANDLES ] )

    METHODS
    add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
    [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
    count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ARGS] )

    METHODS
    accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
    protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ARGS] )

    METHODS
    sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
    ()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ARGS] )

    METHODS
    hostpath(), peerpath()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory

    handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
    rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile

    METHODS
    open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
    [LAYER] )

    NOTE

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O

    handles

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )

    METHODS
    $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
    $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
    $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
    $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint

    NOTE

    SEE ALSO

    BUGS

    HISTORY

    IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [READER, WRITER] )

    METHODS
    reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
    IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for

    I/O objects

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
    WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
    $io->tell

    SEE ALSO

    HISTORY

    IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system

    call

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ HANDLES ] )

    METHODS
    add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
    [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
    count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )

    EXAMPLE

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket

    communications

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ARGS] )

    METHODS
    accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
    protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for

    AF_INET domain sockets

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ARGS] )

    METHODS
    sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
    ()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for

    AF_UNIX domain sockets

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ARGS] )

    METHODS
    hostpath(), peerpath()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IPC::Msg - SysV? Msg IPC object class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
    ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
    FLAGS ] ), stat

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    WARNING

    SEE ALSO

    IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error

    handling

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    WARNING

    IPC::Semaphore - SysV? Semaphore IPC object class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
    getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
    set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
    , VALUE ), stat

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IPC::SysV - SysV? IPC constants

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    ftok( PATH, ID )

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    COPYRIGHT

    IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV? Msg IPC object class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
    ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
    FLAGS ] ), stat

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV? Semaphore IPC object

    class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
    getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
    set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
    , VALUE ), stat

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
    BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST

    KNOWN BUGS

    SUGGESTED ADDITIONS

    COPYRIGHT

    List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of

    general-utility list subroutines

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
    BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST

    KNOWN BUGS

    SUGGESTED ADDITIONS

    COPYRIGHT

    List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of

    general-utility scalar subroutines

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
    looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
    set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF

    KNOWN BUGS

    COPYRIGHT

    BLATANT PLUG

    Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

    SEE ALSO
    Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric

    CONVERSION ROUTINES
    code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
    country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )

    QUERY ROUTINES
    all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] ), all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )

    SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES

    alias_code

    rename_country

    EXAMPLES

    DOMAIN NAMES

    KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

    SEE ALSO
    Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
    3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
    http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
    http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency

    identification (ISO 4217)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    XTS, XXX

    CONVERSION ROUTINES
    code2currency(), currency2code()

    QUERY ROUTINES
    all_currency_codes(), all_currency_names()

    EXAMPLES

    KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

    SEE ALSO
    Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
    http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification

    (ISO 639)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONVERSION ROUTINES
    code2language(), language2code()

    QUERY ROUTINES
    all_language_codes(), all_language_names()

    EXAMPLES

    KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

    SEE ALSO
    Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
    http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Locale::Maketext - framework for localization

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    QUICK OVERVIEW

    METHODS

    Construction Methods

    The ``maketext'' Method
    $lh->fail_with or $lh->fail_with(PARAM), $lh->failure_handler_auto

    Utility Methods
    $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
    $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
    $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
    $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()

    Language Handle Attributes and Internals

    LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES

    ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON

    BRACKET NOTATION

    AUTO LEXICONS

    CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE

    HOW TO USE MAKETEXT

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER

    AUTHOR

    Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes

    A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You

    The Linguistic View

    Breaking gettext

    Replacing gettext

    Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation

    Buzzword: Isomorphism

    Buzzword: Inheritance

    Buzzword: Concision

    The Devil in the Details

    The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites

    References

    Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    alpha-2, alpha-3, numeric

    SPECIAL CODES

    CONVERSION ROUTINES
    code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
    script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )

    QUERY ROUTINES
    all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] ), all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )

    EXAMPLES

    KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS

    SEE ALSO
    Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
    http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)

    DIAGNOSTICS
    Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data

    EXAMPLES

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding

    of quoted-printable strings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
    decode_qp($str);

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable

    strings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
    decode_qp($str);

    COPYRIGHT

    SEE ALSO

    Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Canonical notation

    Output

    mantissa(), exponent() and parts()

    Accuracy vs. Precision

    Rounding
    ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
    ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )

    METHODS

    accuracy

    precision()

    Autocreating constants

    Math library

    Using Math::BigInt::Lite

    BUGS

    CAVEATS
    stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow, precision() vs. accuracy()

    SEE ALSO

    LICENSE

    AUTHORS

    Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    Input, Output

    METHODS

    config

    accuracy

    precision

    brsft

    new

    bnan

    bzero

    binf

    bone

    is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()

    is_pos()/is_neg()
            $x->is_pos();                   # true if > 0
            $x->is_neg();                   # true if < 0

    is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()

    bcmp

    bacmp

    sign

    digit

    bneg

    babs

    bnorm

    bnot

    binc

    bdec

    badd

    bsub

    bmul

    bdiv

    bmod

    bmodinv

    bmodpow

    bpow

    blsft

    brsft

    band

    bior

    bxor

    bnot

    bsqrt

    bfac

    round

    bround

    bfround

    bfloor

    bceil

    bgcd

    blcm

    exponent

    mantissa

    parts

    copy

    as_int

    bsstr

    as_hex

    as_bin

    ACCURACY and PRECISION

    Precision P

    Accuracy A

    Fallback F

    Rounding mode R
    'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
    (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
    Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
    Remarks

    Infinity and Not a Number
    oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()

    INTERNALS

    MATH LIBRARY

    SIGN

    mantissa(), exponent() and parts()

    EXAMPLES
      use Math::BigInt;

    Autocreating constants

    PERFORMANCE

    Alternative math libraries

    SUBCLASSING

    Subclassing Math::BigInt

    UPGRADING

    Auto-upgrade
    bsqrt(), div(), blog()

    BUGS
    broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
    5.6.0

    CAVEATS
    bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
    Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
    bsqrt(), brsft()

    LICENSE

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    STORAGE

    METHODS

    WRAP YOUR OWN

    LICENSE
    This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
    under
    the same terms as Perl itself.

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt? code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS

    __emu_bxor

    __emu_band

    __emu_bior

    LICENSE
    This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
    under
    the same terms as Perl itself.

    AUTHORS

    SEE ALSO

    Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    MATH LIBRARY

    METHODS

    new()

    numerator()

    denominator()
            $d = $x->denominator();

    parts()

    as_int()

    as_hex()

    as_bin()

    bfac()

    blog()

    bround()/round()/bfround()

    bmod()

    is_one()

    is_zero()

    is_pos()

    is_neg()

    is_int()

    is_odd()

    is_even()

    bceil()

    bfloor()
            $x->bfloor();

    bsqrt()
            $x->bsqrt();

    config

    BUGS
    inf handling (partial), NaN? handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
    except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
    blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)

    LICENSE

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical

    functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OPERATIONS

    CREATION

    STRINGIFICATION

    CHANGED IN PERL 5.6

    USAGE

    ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO

    ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS

    BUGS

    AUTHORS

    Math::Trig - trigonometric functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
    tan

    ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO

    SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS

    PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS

    RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS

    COORDINATE SYSTEMS

  • -D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
    • cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical

    GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS

    EXAMPLES

    CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS

    BUGS

    AUTHORS

    Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    DETAILS

    OPTIONS

    INSTALL

    NORMALIZER

    SCALAR_CACHE, LIST_CACHE
    MEMORY, HASH, TIE, FAULT, MERGE

    OTHER FACILITIES

    unmemoize

    flush_cache

    CAVEATS

    PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT

    EXPIRATION SUPPORT

    BUGS

    MAILING LIST

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

    THANK YOU

    Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM? _File for

    Storable use

    DESCRIPTION

    Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of

    memoized values

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    INTERFACE
     TIEHASH,  EXISTS,  STORE

    ALTERNATIVES

    CAVEATS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics

    DESCRIPTION

    Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics

    DESCRIPTION

    Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for

    Storable use

    DESCRIPTION

    Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for

    Storable use

    DESCRIPTION

    Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database

    DESCRIPTION

    NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

    DIAGNOSTICS

    ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

    BUGS AND WARNINGS

    NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method

    redispatch

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Enforcing redispatch

    Avoiding repetitions

    Invoking all versions of a method with a single call

    Using EVERY methods

    AUTHOR

    BUGS AND IRRITATIONS

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    USER METHODS
    debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
    dataend ()

    CLASS METHODS
    debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
    ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
    ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()

    EXPORTS

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet

    SYNOPSYS

    DESCRIPTION

    METHODS
    requires_firewall HOST

    NetConfig VALUES
    nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
    time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
    ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists

    Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name

    and domain

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::FTP - FTP Client class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OVERVIEW

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])

    METHODS
    login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
    site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
    ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
    RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
    [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
    put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
    ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
    size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
    BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
    stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
    pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
    SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
    abort (), quit ()

    Methods for the adventurous
    quot (CMD [,ARGS])

    THE dataconn CLASS
    read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
    bytes_read (), abort (), close ()

    UNIMPLEMENTED
    SMNT, HELP, MODE, SYST, STAT, STRU, REIN

    REPORTING BUGS

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    USE EXAMPLES
    http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/

    CREDITS

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])

    METHODS
    article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
    [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
    MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
    ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
    postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
    DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
    post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()

    Extension methods
    newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
    overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
    ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
    MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
    GROUP ] ), reader

    UNSUPPORTED

    DEFINITIONS
    MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, [^]-], *bdc, [0-9a-zA-Z], a??d

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0

    METHODS
    auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
    [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
    (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
    ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
    ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()

    NOTES

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    Functions
    Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
    ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
    $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
    $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
    [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
    [, $timeout]);

    NOTES

    INSTALL

    BUGS

    AUTHORS

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    CONSTRUCTOR
    new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )

    METHODS
    banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
    USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
    send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
    ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
    ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
    data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
    $subject ] ), quit ()

    ADDRESSES

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
    PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])

    AUTHOR

    COPYRIGHT

    Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()

    functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

    Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions

    DESCRIPTION

    Where to get this document

    How to contribute to this document

    Author and Copyright Information

    Disclaimer

    Obtaining and installing libnet

    What is libnet ?

    Which version of perl do I need ?

    What other modules do I need ?

    What machines support libnet ?

    Where can I get the latest libnet release

    Using Net::FTP

    How do I download files from an FTP server ?

    How do I transfer files in binary mode ?

    How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?

    How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
    ?

    How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?

    Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?

    How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?

    Changing directory to ``'' does not fail ?

    I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?

    I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
    ?

    My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21

    Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
    server ?

    I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
    documented ?

    Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods

    Using Net::SMTP

    Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
    hostname ?

    Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?

    The verify method always returns true ?

    Debugging scripts

    How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?

    AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

    Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()

    functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

    Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()

    functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

    Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()

    functions

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXAMPLES

    NOTE

    AUTHOR

    Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    THE .netrc FILE
    machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
    name

    CONSTRUCTOR
    lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])

    METHODS
    login (), password (), account (), lpa ()

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT

    O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    CONVENTIONS

    IMPLEMENTATION

    BUGS

    AUTHOR

    ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, O_RDWR

    DIAGNOSTICS

    odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...

    BUGS AND WARNINGS

    Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    WARNING

    Operator Names and Operator Lists
    an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
    or optag, an operator set (opset)

    Opcode Functions
    opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
    full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
    define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
    opdump (PAT)

    Manipulating Opsets

    TO DO (maybe)

    Predefined Opcode Tags
    :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
    :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
    :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
    :dangerous

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHORS

    Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted

    compartments

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    a new namespace, an operator mask

    WARNING

    RECENT CHANGES

    Methods in class Safe
    permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
    ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
    (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
    root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)

    Some Safety Issues
    Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes

    AUTHOR

    Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when

    compiling

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    NOTE

    CAVEATS

    FUNCTIONS
    _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
    atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
    clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
    cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
    execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
    fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
    fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
    fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
    geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
    getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
    isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
    isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
    log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
    memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
    offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
    putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
    rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
    setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
    sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
    strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
    strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
    strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
    tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
    tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
    unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
    wctomb, write

    CLASSES

    POSIX::SigAction
    new, handler, mask, flags, safe

    POSIX::SigSet
    new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember

    POSIX::Termios
    new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
    getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
    setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
    field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
    values, c_oflag field values

    PATHNAME CONSTANTS
    Constants

    POSIX CONSTANTS
    Constants

    SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
    Constants

    ERRNO
    Constants

    FCNTL
    Constants

    FLOAT
    Constants

    LIMITS
    Constants

    LOCALE
    Constants

    MATH
    Constants

    SIGNAL
    Constants

    STAT
    Constants, Macros

    STDLIB
    Constants

    STDIO
    Constants

    TIME
    Constants

    UNISTD
    Constants

    WAIT
    Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
    WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG

    PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO? layers and root of PerlIO? ::*

    name space

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION
    :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32

    Custom Layers
    :encoding, :via

    Alternatives to raw

    Defaults and how to override them

    Querying the layers of filehandles

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    SEE ALSO

    PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    IMPLEMENTATION NOTE

    PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO? layers implemented in perl

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    EXPECTED METHODS
    $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
    $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
    $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
    $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
    $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
    $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
    $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
    $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)

    EXAMPLES

    Example - a Hexadecimal Handle

    PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO? layer for quoted-printable strings

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    REQUIRED MODULES

    SEE ALSO

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    COPYRIGHT

    Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors

    SYNOPSIS

    OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS

    podchecker()
    -warnings => val

    DESCRIPTION

    DIAGNOSTICS

    Errors
    empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without
    previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
    without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
    unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command ``CMD'', Unknown
    interior-sequence ``SEQ'', nested commands
    CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity
    number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>,
    empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
    after =back

    Warnings
    multiple occurrence of link target name, line containing nothing but
    whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
    no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (one
    vs. two), N unescaped <> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
    items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
    Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headn without preceding higher
    level

    Hyperlinks
    ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
    deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /

    RETURN VALUE

    EXAMPLES

    INTERFACE
    Pod::Checker->new( %options ) $checker->poderror( @args ), $checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )> $checker->num_errors() $checker->num_warnings() $checker->name() $checker->node() $checker->idx() $checker->hyperlink()

    AUTHOR

    Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )
    -verbose => 1, -perl => 1, -script => 1, -inc =>
    1>

    simplify_name( $str )

    pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )
    -inc => 1, -dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ], -verbose =>
    1>

    contains_pod( $file , $verbose )

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    ARGUMENTS
    backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
    htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
    quiet, recurse, title, verbose

    EXAMPLE

    ENVIRONMENT

    AUTHOR

    SEE ALSO

    COPYRIGHT

    Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,

    commands, etc.

    SYNOPSIS

    REQUIRES

    EXPORTS

    DESCRIPTION
    package Pod::InputSource, package Pod::Paragraph, package
    Pod::InteriorSequence, package Pod::ParseTree

    Pod::InputSource

    new()

    name()

    handle()

    was_cutting()

    Pod::Paragraph

    Pod::Paragraph->new()

    $pod_para->cmd_name()

    $pod_para->text()

    $pod_para->raw_text()

    $pod_para->cmd_prefix()

    $pod_para->cmd_separator()

    $pod_para->parse_tree()

    $pod_para->file_line()

    Pod::InteriorSequence

    Pod::InteriorSequence->new()

    $pod_seq->cmd_name()

    $pod_seq->prepend()

    $pod_seq->append()

    $pod_seq->nested()

    $pod_seq->raw_text()

    $pod_seq->left_delimiter()

    $pod_seq->right_delimiter()

    $pod_seq->parse_tree()

    $pod_seq->file_line()

    Pod::InteriorSequence::DESTROY()

    Pod::ParseTree

    Pod::ParseTree->new()

    $ptree->top()

    $ptree->children()

    $ptree->prepend()

    $ptree->append()

    $ptree->raw_text()

    Pod::ParseTree::DESTROY()

    SEE ALSO

    AUTHOR

    Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex

    SYNOPSIS

    DESCRIPTION

    OBJECT METHODS
    initialize

    Data Accessors
    AddPreamble
    AddPostamble Head1Level Label LevelNoNum MakeIndex ReplaceNAMEwithSection StartWithNewPage TableOfContents UniqueLabels UserPreamble UserPostamble Lists

    Subclassed methods
    begin_pod end_pod command !--verbatim4--

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